分析一下主谓一致

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

在英语中，句子的主语和谓语动词要保持数上的 一致 关系，叫主谓一致。
这种关系通常要遵循下面的原则：
1、语法一致。
句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数
形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：China has a long history .
Many people are studying English now.
2、意义一致。
即谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所
表达的内容在含义是单数意义还是复数意义。
如： The Chinese are hard-working．
（1）动词不定式、动名词、从句或不可数名词做主语，
谓语动词用单数。
如：Listening to the tapes is helpful to our English study .
（2）表示时间、距离、价格、重量、数目、数学运算等的词
或短语做主语时，表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数。
如：Ten years has passed.
10 kilometers is a long way to him . He is too tired .
（3）由and ，both…and连接的两个名词做主语，
表示两个不同的人或物时，谓语动词用复数。
指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数。
如：The painter and the writer have come to our school.
( 画家和作家，两个人)
The painter and writer has come to our school .
（画家兼作家，同一个人）
（4）不定代词（somebody, someone, something, anybody,
anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything ,
nobody, no one, nothing, each , every） 做主语时，
谓语动词用单数。
如：Lucy , someone is waiting for you at the gate .
Is everyone here?
（5）就远原则： 当主语部分含有with ，together with ,
as well as , besides , except , but ，like (像)等介词
或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数。
如：Everyone except Tom has been to the Great Wall.
Lilei with his friends plays basketball every weekend .
（6）就近原则：neither…nor , either …or ,
not only…but also , not …but , 以及there be连接
两个并列的主语时，谓语动词跟它靠近的主语一致。
如：Neither you nor she likes listening to this song.
There is a knife and two pens in the box.
注意：neither of ， either of 做主语时，谓语动词用
单数。
Neither of them is right .
（7）the + 形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如：The old are looked after well in this old
people’s house .
The young aren’t allowed to get their ears
piereced .
（8）the + 姓的复数形式，表示一家人,谓语动词用复数。
如：The Greens are going to Germany next week.
（9）The number of …. “…的数量”；
做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A number of … “许多，大量”；
做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：The number of the workers in this factory is about 500.
A number of the workers in this factory are women.
（10）clothes , trousers , pants , shorts , shoes , gloves …
等做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
但如果有量词“a kind of , a piece of , a pair of ”
等词修饰时，则依量词的单复数来定。
如：The shoes look nice .
The pair of shoes is very nice.
（11） 集体名词：family ， class ，team ， group 等
表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。
表示成员时，谓语动词用复数。
如：Class One is a very good class .
Now Class One are having a basketball match
（12）many a +单数名词，“许多”;more than one +单数名词，
“许多”； a/an +单数名词or two，“一至两…”；作主语时，
谓语动词用单数。
如： Many a student has passed the exam .
= Many students have passed the exam.
A boy or two was late for school .
（13）分数做主语时，依名词的单复数而定，
所修饰的名词是单数，则谓语动词用单数。
所修饰的名词是复数，则谓语动词用复数。
如：Three quarters of the work is done by the computer .
One half of the students have passed the exam.
14）名词性物主代词mine，yours，his，hers，its，
ours，theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于该
动词后面名词的数，动词后面的名词是单数形式，
谓语动词用单数形式；动词后面名词为复数形式，
谓语动词用复数形式。如：
如：His is a new bike．他的是一辆新自行车。
Ours are old bikes．我们的是些旧自行车。

（15）news（新闻），politics（政治），maths（数学），
physics（物理）等词，虽然形式上是以s结尾，
但表示的意义是单数，故谓语动词要用单数形式。
相反，people，police等词形式上是单数形式，
但表示复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式。
如： Maths is my favourite subject．数学是我最喜欢的学科。

Answer 2

动词后面的主语或第一个主语的数保持一致。所以是there are 80% studends . 2. 定语从句的先行词，也就是引导词做从句主语时，从句谓语的数和先行词