众所周知,主语一般是由名词,名词性短语或名词性从句来担任的。然而在某些限定的语境中,一些在句子中通常起状语作用的介词短语、副词、 状语从句却可充当主语的作用。例如:
①Slowly is exactly how he speaks. 慢条斯里(地讲话)恰恰是他讲话的方式。
②Out on the lake will be splendid. 到湖上去一定棒极了。
③Will after the show be soon enough ? 演出后够快吗?
④Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你什么时候准备好都行。
⑤From words to deeds is a great space. 言行之间相距甚远。
不过这种将介、 副词作主语的表达形式并不适用于所有的场合,它仅出现在以下两种情况中.
1. 该介、 副词短语是一个含义自明的从句的一部分。
⑥A :When are we going to have the next meeting ? 我们何时召开下次会议?
B :On Tuesday will be fine. 星期二就不错。
或: During the vacation is what we decided. 在假期里是我们所决定的时间。
或: In March suits me. 在三月份适合我。
或: Between 6 and 7 may be convenient . 六、 七点钟之间可能合适些。
上述回答中,介词短语的名词性用法可以看作是对有关句子的重新组织,只留下了介词短语来充当主语。它们可以分别补充为:
B : ( The proposal that we meet) on Tuesday will be fine.
或: (Meeting) during the vacation is what we decided.
或: ( To meet) in March suits me.
或: ( To meet) between 6 and 7 may be convenient .
2. 当该句可以转换为非人称 It + be 的句式时,例如:
⑦To York is not very far . = It is not very far to York. 到约克郡不是很远。
⑧From here to Philadelphia is only a hundred miles. = Itp s only a hundred miles from here to Philadelphia. 从这儿到费城只有一百英里。
⑨In the evenings is best for me. = It is best for me in the evenings.
在晚上对我来说最好。
需要注意的是: ①介、 副词短语作主语被视为单数概念,要求与之相应的谓语动词用单数形式。②不要将位于句首起状语作用的介、 副词短语和作主语的介、 副词短语混淆。下列三句中的黑体部分用作主语。
⑩To the list may be added the following names. 名单上还可加上下列名字。
l have From the distance came occasional shots. 远处偶而传来几声枪响。
l will Safely in harbour is the ship. 船只平安地停在港里。
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