主谓一致的语法

Question

主谓一致的语法

Answer 1

概述　　主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则 (grammatical concord) 意义一致原则 (notional concord) 就近原则(principle of proximity)编辑本段典型例题　　1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 　　Reading and writing are very important. 　　注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词，共用一个冠词用单数，表示一人兼两职。 　　The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 　　The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. 　　A. is B. was C. are D. were 　　答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C..本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B. 　　2 主谓一致中的就近原则 　　当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致. 　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. 　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 　　总的来说，在由not only…but also…, not just…but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如： 　　Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.　 　　Either you or she is to go. 　　Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 　　3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 　　当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致. 　　The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 　　He as well as I wants to go boating. 　　4 谓语需用单数 　　1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数. 　　Each of us has a tape-recorder. 　　There is something wrong with my watch. 　　2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数. 　　The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 　　<一千零一夜>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书. 　　3) 表示金钱,时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数.(用复数也可,意思不变.) 　　Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 　　Ten yuan is enough. 　　5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数 　　1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定. 　　All is right. (一切顺利.) 　　All are present. (所有人都到齐了.) 　　2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family,team，group，club,public, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体. 　　His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭. 　　His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者. 　　但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin(害虫)等在任何情况下都用复数形式. 　　Are there any police around 　　3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数. 　　A number of +名词复数+复数动词. 　　The number of +名词单数+单数动词. 　　A number of books have lent out. 　　The majority of the students like English. 　　6 与后接名词或代词保持一致 　　1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致. 　　Most of his money is spent on books. 　　Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 　　2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致. 　　Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书. 　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市. 　　7 the+形容词/国籍形容词。表示一类人/一国人，作主语，谓语动词用复数。 　　8 the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人或两夫妇，作主语时，谓语动词用复数， 　　9 四则运算时，谓语动词用单数。 　　10 表示，(时间，距离，重量，金额，书名）的复数名词作主语时，通常当做整体看待，谓语动词用单数。

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