人类对风能的利用已有几千年的历史，最初主要是利用风力提水灌溉，及海水晒盐和风力驱动的磨坊。这在当时是人类利用自然界的力量，利用风力和水力代替人力和畜力来驱动工作机械，提高了生产力。至于人类利用风能来驱动船只航行，则可追溯到更久远的年代。
国内小型风力发电机概况：
我国较大规模地开发和应用风力发电机，特别是小型风力发电机，始于70年代，当时研制的风力提水机用于提水灌溉和沿海地区的盐场，研制的较大功率的风力发电机应用于浙江和福建沿海，特别是在内蒙古地区由于得到了政府的支持和适应了当地自然资源和当地群众的需求，小型风力发电机的研究和推广得到了长足的发展。对于解决边远地区居住分散的农牧民群众的生活用电和部分生产用电起了很大作用。
近年来，随着世界范围内对环境保护、全球温室效应的重视，各国都竞相发展包括风能在内的可再生能源的利用技术，将风能作为可持续发展的能源政策中的一种选择，不论对并网型的大型风力发电机和适用于边远地区农牧户的离网型小型风力发电机都给予了很大的政策支持。我国目前已有安装并网的风力机的风力田24 处，总装机容量26.8万千瓦。小型风力机的保有量超过14万台，使我国成为世界上小型风力发电机保有量最多的国家。
小型风力发电机组的组成：小型风力发电机组一般由下列几部分组成：风轮、发电机、调速和调向机构、停车机构、塔架及拉索等，控制器、蓄电池、逆变器等。
中科院物理所的账号在6月13号发布了一篇关于风筝发电新技术的文章，这项技术目前欧美国家有至少10家公司在参与研发。最厉害的一家公司是位于德国汉堡的天帆电力公司，这家公司成立于2021年，他们的产品目前可以达到80kw的功率，每天的发电量可以足够供应给60家美国家庭。我们知道美国是耗电量比较大的国家，很多家庭24小时开空调，无惧浪费，这个发电水平，还是相当高的。【中英双语阅读·难度值：高二英语】
风筝发电和传统风车发电的区别
传统的风车发电，由于受到地面建筑物、山丘、树木的摩擦力的影响，风力会被减速。而且风车占地面积比较大，成本也比较高。进入500米的高空，风速可以比100米处的高空风速快3至7公里每小时，如果可以通过计算机控制风筝的稳定性，让风筝维持在一个相对稳定的高度，我们就可以利用高空的高速风来进行发电，而且建设成本会非常低廉。
风筝发电的模式
发电机在地面：通过风力把风筝带到高空，拉动风筝的缆绳，带动地面的发电机转动，切割磁感线生产电能。
发电机在风筝上：风筝进入高空预定位置后，风力吹动风筝上的螺旋桨，带动风筝上的发电机转动，电能通过风筝缆绳传导到地面储能装置。
德国汉堡的天帆电力公司的方案：风力把风筝带到高空的阶段，风筝的缆绳拉动地面的发电机发电，当风筝进入预定高度，风筝上的螺旋桨被风吹动，带动风筝上的发电机发电，再由缆绳把电传导到地面。
这项技术目前面临的困难
风筝发电需要适合发电的高空风流。这意味着选择合适的地点非常关键，只有在特定的地理和气象条件下，才能获得足够强劲的高空风。
风筝发电涉及到复杂的控制系统。在高空悬挂和操作风筝时，需要精确控制风筝的角度和方向，以保持风筝的稳定和安全。这对于设备的设计和运营来说是一个技术上的挑战。
风筝发电在遇到极端天气的时候，缆绳容易断裂，遇到无风天气的时候，风筝也容易坠毁。虽然运行和建设成本低，如果反复出现坠毁的情况，也有可能让风筝发电的运营成本超过传统风力和光伏发电。
所以，大家觉得，中科院物理所关注了这项技术，会花精力跟进吗？
英文版：Kite power generation is being studied in Europe and America, with a power output of up to 80 kW.
The account of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, published an article on June 13th about a new technology for kite power generation. Currently, at least 10 companies in Europe and the United States are involved in its research and development. The most notable company is Tianfan Power Company located in Hamburg, Germany. Established in 2021, their product can generate up to 80 kW of power, which is enough to supply 60 American households with daily electricity. Considering the high power consumption in the United States, where many households run air conditioning 24/7 without worrying about wastage, this power generation level is quite impressive.
Differences between kite power generation and traditional wind turbine power generation:
Traditional wind turbine power generation is affected by friction from ground buildings, hills, and trees, resulting in a decrease in wind speed. Wind turbines also require a larger land area and have higher costs. By reaching an altitude of 500 meters, wind speeds can be 3 to 7 kilometers per hour faster than those at 100 meters. If we can stabilize kites at a relatively stable altitude using computer control, we can harness the high-speed winds in the upper atmosphere for power generation at a significantly lower cost.
Modes of kite power generation:
Ground-based generator: The kite is brought to a high altitude by wind power, and the tension on the kite's tether pulls a ground-based generator to rotate, thereby generating electricity through cutting magnetic field lines.
Generator on the kite: Once the kite reaches the designated high altitude, wind blows the propellers on the kite, driving the generator on the kite to rotate. The generated electricity is then transmitted to a ground energy storage device through the tether.
The approach used by Tianfan Power Company in Hamburg: During the stage where wind power lifts the kite to a high altitude, the tension in the kite's tether drives a ground-based generator. When the kite reaches the planned altitude, the wind blowing on the propellers on the kite drives the generator on the kite to produce electricity, which is then transmitted to the ground via the tether.
Challenges faced by kite power generation:
Kite power generation relies on suitable high-altitude wind streams for effective power generation. This means that selecting the right locations is crucial, as sufficient strong winds in the upper atmosphere can only be obtained under specific geographic and meteorological conditions.
Kite power generation involves complex control systems. Precise control of the kite's angle and direction is required to maintain its stability and safety while operating and suspending it at high altitudes. This poses a technical challenge for equipment design and operation.
In extreme weather conditions, such as during strong winds or calm periods, the tether is prone to breakage, and the kite may crash. Although the operational and construction costs are low, if crashes occur frequently, the operating costs of kite power generation could exceed those of traditional wind and photovoltaic power.
So, do you think the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences will focus on this technology and invest resources in its development?