"tell sb doing sth"强调告知正在进行的动作或状态,常见于口语交流;而"tell sb to do sth"强调告知需要进行的动作或指示,可用于口语和书面语,具有更广泛的适用范围。它们在释义、用法、使用环境、影响范围和形象上存在一些区别,具体内容如下所示。
1. 释义区别:
"tell sb doing sth":表示告知某人正在进行的动作或状态。
"tell sb to do sth":表示告知某人需要进行的动作或指令。
例句:
She told me she was studying for her exams.
她告诉我她正在备考。
He told his employees not to be late for the meeting.
他告诉员工会议不要迟到。
2. 用法区别:
"tell sb doing sth":常用于直接引述或转述别人当前的行为或状态。
"tell sb to do sth":常用于表达命令、建议或指示某人进行特定的动作。
例句:
Sarah told me, "I am going on vacation next week."
莎拉告诉我:“我下周要去度假。”
The teacher told the students to pay attention in class.
老师告诉学生们上课要注意听讲。
3. 使用环境区别:
"tell sb doing sth":较常见于口语交流中,强调传递当前的情况或动作。
"tell sb to do sth":更加通用,在口语和书面语中皆可使用,用于传达指示或命令。
例句:
I told my friend what I was doing last night.
我告诉朋友我昨晚在做什么。
The boss told the employees to complete the assignment by Friday.
老板告诉员工们要在周五前完成任务。
4. 影响范围区别:
"tell sb doing sth":着重描述某人正在进行的特定动作或状态,范围较为狭窄。
"tell sb to do sth":强调指示某人进行某种行动,范围更广泛。
例句:
He told his friends that he was running late for the movie.
他告诉朋友们他要迟到电影院。
The coach told the team to give their best in the upcoming match.
教练告诉队员在即将到来的比赛中全力以赴。
5. 形象区别:
"tell sb doing sth":稍微更为直观,让人联想到实际的动作正在发生。
"tell sb to do sth":相对抽象,强调说话者向对方传达了一项任务或指令。
例句:
She told me she is dancing on the stage.
她告诉我她正在舞台上跳舞。
The manager told the team members to think outside the box.
经理告诉团队成员要跳出思维定势。