过去分词作表语 和被动的区别怎么划分呢， The concert given by their friends was a success

Question

过去分词作表语 和被动的区别怎么划分呢， The concert given by their friends was a success 有BY 不就是被动吗？

Answer 1

首先,有by不一定是被动.
被动的构成是 be+过去分词
而The concert given by their friends 的given没有be构成, 不是被动
The concert given by their friends可以理解为The concert was given by their friends , 但是由于句子已经有了一个谓语动词 was , 所以 given 不能 用be given ,
而且 given by their friends 与the concert的关系是修饰, 所以用given的过去分词做定语 (不是做表语, 表语一般在be动词之后说明主语的特征等等),
也可以把整个句子改成 The concert which / that was given by their friends was a success.

我知道我说的很乱....欢迎追问

Answer 2

供参考

(1) 英语中的‘完整动词’与中文的有一个分别
就是英语完整动词要必定要交代两个内容
分别是(i) 时式(态)
(ii) 动作或状况

(2) 被动式可以没有 by
但必定要有‘完整的动词’

(3) 在被动式中
时式(态) 由 be (可按时式及主语变化而成 如 am, was, will be, had been...
)
动作由过去分词交代

(4) 在原句中
given by 这个貌似被动式中
只有动作的交代
没有时式
所以不能被作为被动式
(如前述﹐by 的存在不构成必需条件)

(5) 只有过去分词 (这里是 given)
而欠缺 be
则属於形容词

(6) 如原句要改为被动语法
可以改为
(i) The concert which was given by their friends was a success
(ii) The concert which was given was a success.
留意第二句虽然故意删去 by their friends
但仍然是现在式本回答被提问者采纳