关于with复合结构的问题,有两个例句到底谁对谁错?

在”with/without +宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,若宾语补足语时不定式,不定式表示的动作将要发生,且句子的主语时该逻辑上的执行者,此时不定式须用主动式
With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
V独立主格结构的句法功能
独立主格结构一般在句中作状语,表示时间,条件,原因,伴随状况等,还可以作定语。
My shoes removed,I entered a low-ceilinged room.
He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled.
那么到底用 settle 还是 be settled??

(1) 在不定式作定语等的结构中,当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时,用主动式。例如:

I have a meeting to attend. (I attend the meeting.) 我要开一个会。

The teacher gave John a book to read. (John reads the book.) 这位老师给约翰一本书读。

如果不定式动作执行者不是上述情况,而是其他人,这时不定式则要用被动语态。例如:

Here are the clothes to be washed. 要洗的衣服在这儿。

This form is to be filled out in ink. 这份表格要用墨水填写。

在无特定上下文的句子中,有时用了主动式或被动式,含义有所不同。例如:

There is a lot of work to do today.(含义:for the speaker to do)

There is a lot of work to be done today.(含义:for you or others to do)

(2)在“表语(或宾语的补足语)+不定式”的结构中,常用不定式的主动式代替被动式。(在这里,不定式起着状语的作用)例如:

They found Professor Jones’ lecture hard to understand. 他们发现琼斯教授的讲课很难懂。

She is very nice to talk to. 同她谈话很有意思。.

你提的问题 With a lot of difficult problems to settle...中,属于这种情况, 常用不定式的主动式代替被动式

He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. ä¸­ï¼Œä¹Ÿåº”用to settle,理由同上。

(3)在一些习惯用法中,有的要用主动式,有的则要用被动式。

例如:

None of us was to blame forthat. (用主动)我们谁都不应该为那件事受责备。

The cfag was novrfierc to be found.(用被动)那只狗,哪儿也找不到。

My shoes removed,这里是独立主格结构,看名词和后面的动词之间的关系,这里是应该用过去分词。

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