英语动词用法。。急！！！

Question

要中学阶段的！ 不要谓语动词用法！！
例如，，try to do sth
try doing sth

Answer 1

及物动词后面必须直接接一个名词或代词作宾语，否则就是语法错误：
I will buy the car.
不及物动词后面不能直接接名词或代词作宾语，要接必须加一个介词构成动词短语，否则也是语法错误：
Let us go.Let us go home.（home是个很特殊的名词，这种情况下是作副词而不是名词，意思还是家）
很多动词既能作及物动词也能作不及物动词，并且意思相同，但是仍然在作及物动词时候后面必须加宾语，作不及物动词时候后面只能通过介词加宾语

1.不及物动词
不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不需要接宾语。
例如：
The rain stopped.
雨停了。
What happened yesterday?
昨天发生了什么？
注意：不及物动词没有被动语态。

2.及物动词
及物动词后面必须接宾语的动词叫做及物动词。有的动词必须接一个宾语，有的必须接两个宾语。
单宾语
He's reading a magazine.
他正在读一本杂志。
双宾语
Mr Zhang teaches us English.
张老师教我们英语。
复合宾语必须接一个宾语同时接一个补语
We often hear him sing in the park.
我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。

情态动词的定义:

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。

We can be there on time tomorrow.

我们明天能按时去那儿。

May I have your name?

我能知道你的名字吗？

Shall we begin now?

我们现在就开始吗？

You must obey the school rules.

你必须遵守校规。

情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .

情态动词的位置:

情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。

I can see you. Come here.

我能看见你，过来吧。

He must have been away.

他一定走了。

What can I do for you?

你要什么？

How dare you treat us like that！

你怎能那样对待我们！

情态动词的特点:

情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。

He could be here soon.

他很快就来。

We can't carry the heavy box.

我们搬不动那箱子。

I'm sorry I can't help you.

对不起，我帮不上你。

情态动词的用法:

can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及

客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。

Can you pass me the books?

你能给我递一下书吗 ?

Could you help me, please?

请问,你能帮助我吗?

What can you do?

你能干点什么呢?

Can you be sure?

你有把握吗?

can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。

He could help us at all.

他完全可以帮助我们。

With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.

由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。

may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。

You may take the book home.

你可以把书带回家去.

May I come in?

我可以进来吗?

May I use your dictionary?

我可以用你的词典吗?

You may put on more clothes.

你可以多穿点衣服.

He said he might lend us some money.

他说他可以借给我们一些钱。

may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 mayn't.

might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。

He told me he might be here on time.

他说他能按时间来。

Might I borrow some money now.

我可以借点钱吗?

He might be alive.

他可能还活着。

Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。

must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。

I must finish my work today.

我今天必须完成我的工作。

You mustn't work all the time.

你不能老是工作。

Must I return the book tomorrow?

我必须明天还书吗?

After such a long walk, you must be tired.

走了这么长的路,你一定困了。

He must be the man I am looking for.

他一定是我要找的人。

He had to go because of somebody's calling

him that day.

那天他要走是因为有人叫他。

must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。

He must have told my parents about it.

他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。

He must have received my letter now.

他现在一定收到我的信了。

It's six o'clock already, we must have been late again.

已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。

must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。

You must do it now.

你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)

I have to go now.

我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)

need 需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中.

Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?

我需要明天参加会议吗?

You need not hand in the paper this week.

这一周你不必交论文。

need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。

I need a bike to go to school.

我上学需要一辆自行车。

Do you need a dictionary?

你需要词典吗?

She needs a necklace.

她需要一条项链。

needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。

You needn't have taken it seriously.

这件事情你不必太认真。

dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。

The little girl dare not speak in public.

小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。

Dare you catch the little cat?

你敢抓小猫吗?

dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。

Do you dare to walk in the dark?

你敢黑夜走路吗？

He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.

他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。

ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。

You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.

如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。

You ought to bring the child here.

你应该把孩子带来。

ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。

You ought to have been here yesterday.

你昨天就应该来。

ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。

You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.

你不应该把书带出阅览室。

will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,

可用于各人称。

I'll do my best to catch up with them.

我要尽全力赶上他们。

I'll never do it again, that's the last time.

我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。

He said he would help me.

他说他会帮助我。

will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。

It's hot. Will you open the windows?

天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?

Will you help me to work it out?

你能帮我解这道题吗?

Would you like some coffee？

给你来点咖啡怎样？

Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。

You should hand in the exercise book.

你应该交作业本儿了。

This should be no problem.

这应该没问题。

Shall we go now.

我们现在可以走了吗?

Why should I meet him？

为什么我要见他?

have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须。

I have to go now.

我现在得走了。

I have to cook for my child.

我得给孩子做饭。

You must be here on time next time.

你下次一定要按时来。

We must go to get the timetable ourselves.

我们一定要自己去拿时刻表。本回答被网友采纳

Answer 2

高考常见动词短语积累归纳总结
♣ look 的常用短语：
look up … in查找
look sb. up and down 上下打量
look back to/ upon回顾
look upon…as把… 看作
look forward to期待
look through浏览; 看穿
take a new look呈现新面貌

♣ fear的常用短语：
in fear害怕地
(be) in fear of 害怕
for fear of/ that担心；生怕

♣ concentrate 的常用短语：
concentrate on 专心…
concentrate one’s mind on 专心于…
类似的短语：
fix one’s mind upon
focus on
put one’s heart into
focus one’s mind on
♣surprise常用短语：
in surprise惊讶地
to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是
be surprise at/to do/that
对某事感到惊讶

♣表示“穿衣”的动作或状态的词和短语
1．表示动作的有：
pull on
put on
dress
dress sb
2. 表示状态的有：
wear
be in
be dressed in
have … on

♣常见表“喜欢”的短语和单词
like
care for
be keen on
be fond of
take delight in…

♣ trouble的常用短语：
have much trouble / no trouble (in) doing 在…有/没有困难
take great trouble to do
不辞辛劳做某事
put sb to the trouble of doing …
为难某人做某事
make trouble捣乱
be in (great) trouble
惹麻烦；处在困境中
help sb. out of trouble
帮某人摆脱困境

♣ end的常用短语：
come to an end……结束
put an end to 结束……
on end竖起, 连续
in the end终于; 最后
end up (by) doing…以……结束
make both ends meet收支相抵

♣ 表示“导致”、“由…引起”的短语：
1. 导致
cause sth. (to do)
result in
lead to
2. 由……引起
be caused by
result from
grow out of
lie in

♣表“全力以赴”的短语：
do / try one’s best
spare no efforts to do
take great pains to do
go all out to do
do what somebody can (do) to do
do all somebody can (do) to do

♣ direction常用短语：
in (the ) direction of….朝……方向
under the direction of ...在……的指导下
follow the directions照说明去做

♣ far常用短语：
far from (being)离……要求相差很远
far from +(a place)距离某地很远
far away遥远
so far 到目前为止; 那么远
as far as sb. knows/sees据某人所知
by far
(最高级前,比较级后)起强调作用

♣ distance常用短语：
in the distance在远处
from/ at a distance从远处
keep sb. at a distance
于某人保持一定距离
It is no distance at all.不远

♣ use常用短语：
used to do过去曾经、常做
be used to doing …习惯于……
be used to do被用来做……
make good/ full use of充分利用……
come into use开始使用……
it is no use doing …干……没有用

♣“出了什么事”的几种不同表达
What’s wrong with….?
What’s the matter with…?
What’s the trouble with…?
What happened (to sb.) ?

♣“众所周知”常用表达法：
It is known to all that…主语从句，that不能省
As is known to all,定语从句，置于句首
We all know (that)后接宾语从句
Everyone knows (that)后接宾语从句
, which is known to all.非限定从句，置于句末

♣表“同意某人意见”的常用短语：
agree with sb. /what sb. said
agree to sth.
approve (of) sth.
in favour of sth.
be agreeable to sth.
be for sth.
“不同意”
disagree with sb./ what sb. said
object to sth.
disapprove (of) sth.
be against sth.

♣ sign的常用短语：
sign one’s name签名
sign to sb (not) to do sth.
示意某人(不)做某事
signs of …
……的迹象

♣would rather 与 prefer 的区别
1．宁愿做……而不做……
would rather do A than do B
prefer A to B
prefer to do A rather than do B
2. would rather 主语 + 过去式，表示“宁愿”
eg. I would rather you came tomorrow than today.
should prefer sb. to do sth./ should prefer 主语 + 过去式，表示“比较喜欢……”
eg. I should prefer you not to go there alone.
OR: I should prefer that you did not go there alone.

♣trap常用短语
be caught in a trap落入圈套
be led into a trap中圈套
set a trap to do sth.设圈套……
be trapped in sth.被…..所围困

♣ grow常用短语
in the grow of在….成长中
grow up长大; 成长
grow rich on靠….. 变富
grow into长成……
grow out of由…..引起/滋生出

♣ make常用短语
be made up of =consist of 由……组成
make up for弥补
be made from/ of由……造成
make up编造;组成;化妆
be made into制成……
make fun of取笑; 嘲弄
make a living 谋生

supply, provide, offer 的区别：
1．表示“向某人提供某物”
supply / provide sb. with sth.
supply / provide sth. for sb.
supply sth. to sb.
offer sb. sth.
2. 表示“主动提出做某事”
offer to do sth.
3. 表示“倘使”、“假如”
provided / providing that
= on condition that
=only if
4. 表示“满足需要”supply / meet a need.

♣ supply的常用短语
in short supply 缺乏，不足
medical/military supply医疗/军用品
supplies of…许多

♣ lack的常用短语
be lacking in sth. 在……不足
make up for the lack of
弥补……的不足
for/by/from/through lack of…
由于…不足,缺乏
have no lack of不缺

♣damage的常用短语
do damage/harm to 对……有害
cause damage to 对……造成损害
ask for damage要求赔偿

die of 与die from 的区别
die of 表示“死于……病”或冻死、气死，或死于过度悲伤。
die of cancer/grief/hunger/anger/cold
die from表示死于外伤、事故、劳累过度。如：
die from polluted air/overwork/sword thrust
♣die常用短语
die for one’s country为国捐躯
die down熄灭、平息
die off绝种、枯死
die away消逝、静下来
die a heroic death英勇牺牲
♣threaten常用短语
threaten sb. with sth.用……威胁某人
threaten to do…威胁做……
under the threat of…在……的威胁下
♣speed常用短语
speed up加速
at the speed of…以…..的速度
with great speed迅速
♣aim常用短语
take aim at瞄准
reach an aim达到目的
aim at瞄准、针对

permit与allow 的区别
表“允许做某事”或“允许某人做某事”用法基本相同。
permit/allow doing sth.
permit/allow sb. to do sth.
permit /allow of sth
一般在独立主格结构中表示“时间、条件等许可”，多用permit
Time/Weather permitting, I’ll drop in on her.
allow 还可以表示“承认”、“考虑到”。例如：
1. We allow him to be wronged.
2. will take an hour to go there, allowing for traffic delays.

♣means常用短语
by means of通过….., 靠……
by this means/ in this way用这种方法
by no means/in no case决不
by all means用一切办法

♣keep常用短语
keep up with紧跟…..
keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做
keep sb. from doing sth.阻止…..做……
keep off the grass勿踏草地
keep to the point紧扣主题
keep in touch with与……保持联系

♣mark常用短语
make one’s mark成功、出名
be marked with标明
gain/get full marks for ……得满分

♣seat常用短语
take one’s seat坐下
have a seat请坐
see/find sb. seated看见/发现某人坐在….
be seated就座, 坐着
seat oneself in/at/on使自己坐在……

部分 动词+ to + doing 的用法
look forward to
get down to
object to
devote… to…
pay attention to
prefer…to…

♣give常用短语
give up放弃
give in让步\屈服
give off 散发出
give away赠送、泄漏
give rise to 引起……
give out 疲劳、用完、散发出

♣fit常用短语
be fit for适合
keep fit/keep healthy保持健康
be fit to do 适合于…..
fit in with适应……
a nice fit合身的衣服
…fit sb.某人穿….. 合身

♣reach 常用短语
reach an agreement达成协议
reach for…伸手去拿/够……
within / out of reach够得到/够不着
reach sb’s understanding 使某人明白

♣feed常用短语
feed sth. to sb/feed sb. on sth. 用……喂养……
be fed up of…/ be tired of…/ be bored with…
对……感到厌倦
feed on以……为食

♣mercy常用短语
without mercy残忍地
have mercy on /upon 对……表示怜悯
at the mercy of任凭摆布
beg for mercy 乞求饶恕

♣ exist常用短语
exist in/lie in/consist in存在于……
in existence 现存的
come into existence/ come into being 形成

♣ opinion常用短语
in one’s opinion =in the opinion of sb.在某人看来
have a high/ low opinion of
对……评价高/低
give one’s opinion on
对……谈自己的看法

♣ persuade常用短语
persuade sb. to do =
persuade sb. into doing
说服某人做某事
try to persuade sb. to do
试图说服某人做某事
persuade sb. to sth.
说服某人同意某事

♣ engage 常用短语
be engaged to sb.
与某人订婚
be engaged in sth. =
be engaged doing sth.
忙于……, 从事某事

wide 与broad 的区别
它们均可以表“宽”和“广阔的”
a river 50 feet wide/ broad
指身体部位“宽肩、宽背”一般用broad, 表示
“睁大眼睛、张大嘴巴”一般用wide。
broad shoulders/ back
with wide eyes
open one’s mouth wide
wide 还可以作副词，表示“完全、大大地”
be wide awake
be wide open
♣ sure常用短语
be sure of/about
对……由把握
be sure to do sth.
肯定会……
make sure + that-clause
务必……,一定要……
make sure of…
弄清楚……

♣ experience 常用短语
have experience in…
在……有经验
be experienced in…
在……有经验
♣ pain 常用短语
take great pains to do
努力做某事
spare no pains to do
全力以赴做某事

♣ stick 常用短语
stick to sth.
坚持……
stick …on…
粘贴……
be stuck in …
陷进……
stick no bills
请勿张贴

♣ spare 常用短语
spare money/time for
省出钱…，腾出时间
in one’s spare time
在某人业余时间
spare no efforts to do
不遗余力去做
don’t spare the opinions
不要保留意见
♣ put down的不同含义
put down (one’s knife and fork) 放下……
pit down the rebellion
镇压
put down what sb. says
记下，写下

♣take up 的不同含义
take up a hobby
培养……
take up football
开始……
take up the work
继续……
take up…time/space
消耗,占据……
take up a post
就职
take up a song/ cry
跟着一起……

♣ habit 常用短语
form/get the habit of
养成……习惯
be in/have the habit of
有…….习惯
get into the habit of
沾染了……恶习
get rid of the habit=
grow out of the habit=
break away from the habit
改掉了……习惯

参考资料：http://hi.baidu.com/%C2%AC%D3%C0%C6%BD/blog