求夏洛蒂.勃朗特的生平简介（英文版）

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Answer 1

Charlotte Brontë (April 21, 1816 – March 31, 1855) was an English novelist, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters whose novels have become enduring classics of English literature. Life and worksCharlotte Brontë was born at Thornton, in Yorkshire, England, the third of six children, to Patrick Brontë (formerly "Patrick Brunty"), an Irish Anglican clergyman, and his wife, Maria Branwell. In April 1820 the family moved to Haworth, where Patrick had been appointed Perpetual Curate. Maria Branwell Brontë died of cancer on 15 September 1821, leaving five daughters and a son to the care of her sister Elizabeth Branwell. In August 1824, Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire (which she would describe as Lowood School in Jane Eyre). Its poor conditions, Charlotte maintained, permanently affected her health and physical development, and hastened the deaths of her two elder sisters, Maria (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815), who died of tuberculosis in 1825 soon after they were removed from the school.

At home in Haworth Parsonage, Charlotte and the other surviving children — Branwell, Emily, and Anne — were influenced by their father's library of Walter Scott, Byron, Tales of the Genii and The Arabian Nights. They began chronicling the lives and struggles of the inhabitants of their imaginary kingdoms. Charlotte and Branwell wrote stories about their country — Angria — and Emily and Anne wrote articles and poems about theirs — Gondal. The sagas were elaborate and convoluted (and still exist in part manuscripts) and provided them with an obsessive interest in childhood and early adolescence, which prepared them for their literary vocations in adulthood.

Charlotte continued her education at Roe Head school in Mirfield from 1831 to 1832, where she met her lifelong friends and correspondents, Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor. Charlotte returned as a teacher from 1835 to 1838. In 1839 she took up the first of many positions as governess to various families in Yorkshire, a career she pursued until 1841. In 1842 she and Emily travelled to Brussels to enroll in a pensionnat run by Constantin Heger (1809–1896) and his wife Claire Zoë Parent Heger (1804–1890). In return for board and tuition, Charlotte taught English and Emily taught music. Their time at the pensionnat was cut short when Elizabeth Branwell, their aunt who joined the family after the death of their mother to look after the children, died of internal obstruction in October 1842. Charlotte returned alone to Brussels in January 1843 to take up a teaching post at the pensionnat. Her second stay at the pensionnat was not a happy one; she became lonely, homesick, and deeply attached to Constantin Heger. She finally returned to Haworth in January 1844 and later used her time at the pensionnat as the inspiration for some of The Professor and Villette.

In May 1846, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne published a joint collection of poetry under the assumed names of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Although the book failed to attract interest (only two copies were sold) the sisters decided to continue writing for publication and began work on their first novels. Charlotte continued to use the name 'Currer Bell' when she published her first two novels.
Cover page of the first edition of Jane EyreHer novels are:
Jane Eyre, published 1847
Shirley, published 1849
Villette, published 1853
The Professor, written before Jane Eyre and rejected by many publishing houses, was published posthumously in 1857
Her novels were deemed coarse by the critics. Much speculation took place as to who Currer Bell really was, and whether Bell was a man or a woman.

Charlotte's brother, Branwell, the only son of the family, died of chronic bronchitis and marasmus exacerbated by heavy drinking, in September 1848, although Charlotte believed his death was due to tuberculosis. Emily and Anne both died of pulmonary tuberculosis in December 1848 and May 1849, respectively.

Portrait of Charlotte Brontë, 1873

Charlotte and her father were now left alone. In view of the enormous success of Jane Eyre, she was persuaded by her publisher to visit London occasionally, where she revealed her true identity and began to move in a more exalted social circle, becoming friends with Harriet Martineau, Elizabeth Gaskell, William Makepeace Thackeray and G. H. Lewes. However, she never left Haworth for more than a few weeks at a time as she did not want to leave her aging father's side.

In June 1854, Charlotte married Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's curate. She died nine months later during her first pregnancy. Her death certificate gives the cause of death as phthisis (tuberculosis), but there is a school of thought that suggests she may have died from her excessive vomiting caused by severe morning sickness in the early stages of pregnancy. There is also evidence to suggest that Charlotte died from typhus she may have caught from Tabitha Ackroyd, the Bronte household's oldest servant, who died shortly before her. Charlotte was interred in the family vault in The Church of St. Michael and All Angels, Haworth, West Yorkshire, England.

The posthumous biography by Elizabeth Gaskell, for a long time a standard source on her life, has been much criticised by feminists such as Elaine Showalter, for suppressing details of Charlotte's life and her apparently passionate nature.

Answer 2

作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特1816年生于英国北部的一个牧师家庭。母亲早逝，八岁的夏洛蒂被送进一所寄宿学校。在那里生活条件极其恶劣，她的两个姐姐因染上肺病而先后死去。于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米利回到家乡，在荒凉的约克郡山区度过了童年。15岁时她进了伍勒小姐办的学校读书，几年后又在这个学校当教师。后来她曾作家庭教师，但因不能忍受贵妇人、阔小姐对家庭教师的歧视和刻薄，放弃了家庭教师的谋生之路。她曾打算自办学校，为此她在姨母的资助下与艾米利一起去意大利进修法语和德语。然而由于没有人来就读，学校没能办成。但是她在意大利学习的经历激发了她表现自我的强烈愿望，促使她投身于文学创作的道路。

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Answer 3

作者夏洛蒂·勃朗特1816年生于英国北部的一个牧师家庭。母亲早逝，八岁的夏洛蒂被送进一所寄宿学校。在那里生活条件极其恶劣，她的两个姐姐因染上肺病而先后死去。于是夏洛蒂和妹妹艾米利回到家乡，在荒凉的约克郡山区度过了童年。15岁时她进了伍勒小姐办的学校读书，几年后又在这个学校当教师。后来她曾作家庭教师，但因不能忍受贵妇人、阔小姐对家庭教师的歧视和刻薄，放弃了家庭教师的谋生之路。她曾打算自办学校，为此她在姨母的资助下与艾米利一起去意大利进修法语和德语。然而由于没有人来就读，学校没能办成。但是她在意大利学习的经历激发了她表现自我的强烈愿望，促使她投身于文学创作的道路。

参考资料：http://rwxy.tsinghua.edu.cn/rwfg/ydsm2/smjj/0067.htm

Answer 4

Charlotte Bront, C. (1,816 ~ 1,855) English female writers of fiction.English name is Charlotte Bront& Euml; Elder sister of the amy LiBront. Birth north England in a York county secluded from the worldvillage. The father is a poor pastor. She once and other severalsisters is delivered a living condition to be bad together, the canonseverely lodges the school to study. Xia Luodi has worked as theteacher and the tutor, also once together went to the Belgian Brusselsstudy French and the classical literature with younger sister amy Liin 1842. The Charlotte work main description poor young property is lonely, therevolt and the struggle, belongs is been called by Marx take Dickensas the head "a splendid school". "Jan Loves" is her maiden work, alsois the representative works, until now still received reading public'swelcome. The Charlotte Bront four love letters, recently were located the Yorkcounty in her the former dwelling to display to the public. The expertstated that, they are in English literature one of most moving loveletters. These sentiment writing in 1844, is apart from now to have 160 yearshistory. They have been already collected in the English library acentury, in the past only had the scholar to be able to see, butpresent these love letters finally returned to the room which they wasborn. Charlotte writes their time, the mood extreme is low and the pain.Their addressee is named Heger (Constantin Heger) Belgian professor,two years ago Charlotte once in his Brussels family has worked astutor. At that time, Heger extremely warm help Charlotte, has taughther to improve the writing technique, but also gives her to encourage.Charlotte obviously comprehended mistakenly his enthusiasm. After Heger receives these love letters, tore them, throws the wastepaper carton. But, his oversuspicious wife has sorted the garrulousslip of paper, reagglutinates in together, attempts this to treat asCharlotte to entice the husband the evidence. These love letters likethis are preserved, above until now still remained has the tracewhich tore. In Heger front, his daughter reexhibited these loveletters at the point of death to him, Heger has once prepared secondtime to destroy them, but has not succeeded. After he died, his sonhas donated them British Museum. These love letters wrote with French, is Charlotte the Bront painyouth best testimony, has the very high historical value. They alsoare studies Charlotte the novel "Villette" (Villette) the importantreference material. In this novel, Charlotte described an Englishyoung woman unfortunately to fall in love with a Belgian teacher.Likes in the novel that simple and the melancholy heroine is same,Charlotte in these letters acknowledged she is undergoing pain of theunrequited love. In a letter, she writes: "If you cut off with mine friendship, I canthoroughly despair." Another letter has reflected her naivemisunderstanding Heger care that, "I did not know facing anomnipresent friendship when how should do... ... I get hold of it tolook like get hold of the life to be same." Three year after in 1847, "Jane Eyre" has published, Charlotte Bronthenceforth became famous overnight. Afterwards, she has published thequite several successful novels, died until 1855, died at the age of38 years old. Heger then always lived in 1896, has become in theBrussels imperial family institute most renowned professor one, atthat time was away from he unfortunate admiring to die has alreadypassed for 41 years.