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Question

嵌入式操作系统特点分析

嵌入式系统是以应用为中心，软营建可裁减的，适用于对功能、可靠性、成本、体积、功耗等综合性严格要求的专用计算机系统。具有软件代码小、高度自动化、响应速度快等特点，特别适合于要求实时和多任务的体系。嵌入式系统主要由嵌入式处理器、相关支撑硬件、嵌入式操作系统及应用软件系统等组成，它是可独立工作的“器件”。
一、嵌入式操作系统的发展
作为嵌入式系统（包括硬、软件系统）极为重要的组成部分的嵌入式操作系统，通常包括与硬件相关的底层驱动软件、系统内核、设备驱动接口、通信协议、图形界面、标准化浏览器等。嵌入式操作系统具有通用操作系统的基本特点，如能够有效管理越来越复杂的系统资源；能够把硬件虚拟化，使得开发人员从繁忙的驱动程序移植和维护中解脱出来；能够提供库函数、驱动程序、工具集以及应用程序。与通用操作系统相比较，嵌入式操作系统在系统实时高效性、硬件的相关依赖性、软件固态化以及应用的专用性等方面具有较为突出的特点。
嵌入式操作系统伴随着嵌入式系统的发展经历了四个比较明显的阶段：
第一阶段：无操作系统的嵌入算法阶段，以单芯片为核心的可编程控制器形式的系统，具有与监测、伺服、指示设备相配合的功能。应用于一些专业性极强的工业控制系统中，通过汇编语言编程对系统进行直接控制，运行结束后清除内存。系统结构和功能都相对单一，处理效率较低，存储容量较小，几乎没有用户接口。
第二阶段：以嵌人式CPU为基础、简单操作系统为核心的嵌入式系统。CPU种类繁多，通用性比较差；系统开销小，效率高；一般配备系统仿真器，操作系统具有一定的兼容性和扩展性；应用软件较专业，用户界面不够友好；系统主要用来控制系统负载以及监控应用程序运行。
第三阶段：通用的嵌人式实时操作系统阶段，以嵌入式操作系统为核心的嵌入式系统。能运行于各种类型的微处理器上，兼容性好；内核精小、效率高，具有高度的模块化和扩展性；具备文件和目录管理、设备支持、多任务、网络支持、图形窗口以及用户界面等功能；具有大量的应用程序接口（APl）；嵌入式应用软件丰富。
第四阶段：以基于Intemet为标志的嵌入式系统。这是一个正在迅速发展的阶段。目前大多数嵌入式系统还孤立于lnlemet之外，但随着Intemet的发展以及Intemet技术与信息家电、工业控制技术等结合日益密切，嵌入式设备与Intemet的结合将代表着嵌入式技术的真正未来。

Answer 1

The embedded operating system characteristic analyzes
The embedded system is take the application as a center, builds softly may reduce, is suitable to comprehensive strict request and so on function, reliability, cost, volume, power loss special purpose computer systems. Has the software code slightly, highly the automation, the speed of response quick and so on characteristics, especially qualify in request real-time and multi-duty system. The embedded system mainly by the embedded processor, related supports the hardware, the embedded operating system and the application software system and so on is composed, it is may the independent working “the component”.
First, embedded operating system's development
As embedded system (including hard, software system) great importance constituent embedded operating system, usually includes with the hardware related first floor actuation software, the system essence, the equipment actuates the connection, the communication protocol, the graphical interface, the standardized browser and so on. The embedded operating system has the general operating system's essential feature, like can the effective management more and more complex system resources; Can the hardware virtualization, cause the development personnel extricates from the busy driver transplant and the maintenance; Can provide the storehouse function, the driver, the tool collection as well as the application procedure. Compares with the general operating system, the embedded operating system in system real-time highly effective, hardware's related dependence, as well as application special-purpose aspects and so on software solid state has a more prominent characteristic.
The embedded operating system followed embedded system's development to experience four quite obvious stages:
The first stage: The no-operation system's inserting algorithm stage, take the single chip as the core programmable controller form's system, has with monitors the function which, the servo, the display equipment coordinate. Applies in some specialization greatly strengthened industrial control system, carried on the positive governing through the assembly language programming to the system, after the movement had finished, elimination memory. The system structure and the function relatively are unitary, the processing efficiency is low, the storage capacity is small, does not have the user interface nearly.
The second stage: Take inlays person type CPU as the foundation, the simple operation system for the core embedded system. The CPU great variety, the versatility is quite bad; The system expenses are small, the efficiency is high; Generally the equipment system simulator, the operating system has certain compatibility and the extension; Application software specialized, the user interface is not very friendly; The system mainly uses for the control system load as well as the monitoring application program run.
The third stage: General inlays the person type real-time operating system stage, take embedded operating system as core embedded system. Can move on each type microprocessor, the compatibility is good; In the plastin is small, the efficiency is high, has the high modulation and the extension; Has functions and so on document and table of contents management, equipment support, multi-duties, network support, graph window as well as user interface; Has the massive application program interface (APl); The embedded application software is rich.
The fourth stage: Take based on Intemet as the symbol embedded system. This is a rapidly expand stage. At present the majority embedded systems also isolate outside lnlemet, but along with the Intemet development as well as the Intemet technology and the information electrical appliances, unions and so on industrial control technology is day by day close, the embedded equipment and the Intemet union will be representing the embedded technical true future

Answer 2

i faint

Answer 3

Analysis of Embedded System

Embedded systems are application-centric, soft construction can be trimmed, applies to functionality, reliability, cost, size, power consumption requirements of the comprehensive strictly dedicated computer system. Small software code with a high degree of automation, fast response characteristics, in particular the demand for real-time and multi-tasking system. Embedded systems mainly by the embedded processor, related hardware support, embedded operating system and application software systems, and other components, it is the work of the independent "device."
First, the development of embedded operating system
As embedded systems (including hardware and software system) is extremely important component of the embedded operating system, usually associated with the underlying hardware driver software, the system kernel, device driver interfaces, communication protocols, graphical interface, standardized browsing. Embedded operating system is the basic characteristics of general-purpose operating system, such as to the effective management of increasingly complex system resources; able to hardware virtualization, enables developers from busy drivers and maintenance transplant relieved; able to provide the function, Driver, tool sets and applications. Compared with the general-purpose operating system, embedded real-time operating system efficiency in the system, the relevant hardware-dependent, and the application of solid-state software dedicated and so has a more prominent feature.
Embedded operating system along with the development of embedded system obviously has experienced four stages:
Stage 1: No operating system embedded algorithm stage, single-chip programmable controller at the core of the system, and monitoring of, servo, instructions equipment compatible functions. Used some highly specialized industrial control systems, assembly language programming through direct control of the system, running after the removal of memory. System structure and function relatively single, low efficiency, small storage capacity, and almost no user interface.
The second stage: the embedded CPU-based, simple operating system as the core embedded systems. CPU variety, versatility is rather poor; system overhead small, high efficiency; general with System Simulation, a certain operating system compatibility and scalability, application software more professional, friendly user interface enough; system is mainly used to control the system load and monitor applications running.
The third stage: a common embedded real-time operating system stage, the core embedded operating system for embedded systems. Will be able to run on all types of microprocessors, the compatibility good core seminiferous, high efficiency, a high degree of modularity and scalability; with files and directories management, device support, multi-tasking, network support, graphics window and user interface functions, which are equipped with a large number of application programming interfaces (APl); rich embedded applications.
Stage IV: The Intemet is based on the signs of embedded systems. This is a rapidly developing stage. Most embedded systems lnlemet also isolated from the outside, but with the Intemet Intemet, and the development of technology and information appliances, industrial control technology and the increasingly close integration, embedded devices will be combined with the Intemet represent the real future embedded technology.
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