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Question

美国的成人教育
从世界范围内看，美国已经成为成人教育总体上最发达、人力资源开发最先进的国家之一。其中最主要的原因之一就是美国成人教育得益于一个有效的发展机制。
美国成人教育不仅始终针对社会和个人发展的实际需要，使其目标呈现多样性，诸如基础教育补习、职业技能培训、政治新举措的推行、科技成果的推广与应用、家庭与个人生活问题的解决、社交与闲暇的需要等，还鲜明地表现出务实性，更注重直接、有效地解决社会生活中的实际问题。它既提供学位课程和职业培训，为处境不利者开设补偿课程，为社区所有居民提供就业咨询与指导、闲暇娱乐、社区发展问题的讨论与解决等方面的服务，甚至还要培训未婚母亲等等。这种多样务实的目标使成人教育成为美国社会与个人生活的有机部分，从而使成人教育在美国始终具有强大的活力。
美国接受成人教育者中，既有补习基础文化的文盲，又有要求接受继续教育的大学毕业者；既有乡村的农场主，也有白领阶层的专业管理人员；既有工商职员，也有广大消费者；既有官员和经理，也有无家可归者、少数民族群体、难民与罪犯等。美国的成人教育吸引了三分之一多的成年人口参加学习。
美国的成人教育提供了种类繁多的项目，如大都市洛杉矶市立社区学院就开设了30多个系包含80多个专业。如此多样而具体的课程内容保证了美国成人教育实现其多方面的目标，满足了各类学员的需要。
在管理上，美国成人教育重视尽可能为学员服务。在学习前，为学员提供咨询与指导被视为教职人员的基本职责。在学习活动中，在教学设备、环境及学习资料方面充分满足学员的需求。许多成人教学场所宽敞明亮，桌椅舒适，图书丰富，设有咖啡壶和烟灰缸，尽量让成人轻松而有效地学习。在课后，为学员提供辅导等善后服务。
美国成人教育之所以大力发展的另一个原因是国家和社会各界的重视与参与，形成了有利于成人教育发展的外部机制。
美国政府对成人教育的干预始终是间接的、有重点的。如，1991年佛罗里达州6000人因东方航空公司破产而失业，劳工部即拨款100万美元给该州的一所社区学院，委托它对这些人进行培训，以使他们重新就业。美国各级政府主要以立法、拨款等形式重点资助有关全局的、福利性的和紧急的培训，对培训机构具体运作则很少干预。
美国举办成人教育的机构多种多样。如：哈佛大学在1910年率先对校外各年龄者开放文学士学位，获此学位后即可攻读校内各专业的高级学位；1982年，两年或四年制学院正式注册学生中，39％为25岁以上的成人；越来越多的工商企业内部也设立了专门的人力培训与开发机构，直接培训雇员，使企业成为学习机构；美国成人教育的开展还得到私人的支持，全美非营利电视频道，即教育电视台即由一家财团的成人教育基金会捐款1000万美元于1966年建立；而广大志愿者对美国成人教育的大规模开展贡献也很大。
所以，我们国家也应该借鉴美国成人教育的成功经验，把我国的成人教育事业做的更好，更完善。

Answer 1

American Adult Education

From the world, the United States has become the overall adult education is the most developed, human resources development, one of the most advanced countries. One of the most important one of the reasons is that the United States adult education benefited from the development of an effective mechanism.

Adult education is not only the United States has always been against social and personal development needs to show diversity goals, such as tutorial basic education, vocational skills training and the implementation of new political initiatives, the promotion of scientific and technological achievements and application, the family and personal life issues resolved , social and leisure needs, but also clearly demonstrated pragmatic, more focus on direct and effective solution to society real-life problems. It provides degree courses and vocational training for disadvantaged compensation opened courses for all residents of the community to provide employment advice and guidance, leisure and entertainment, community development issues discussed and solutions, and other services, and even training unmarried mothers, etc. . Such diverse pragmatic goal to become the adult education community and the United States integral part of the lives of individuals, so that adult education in the United States has always been a strong vitality.

Adult education to the United States, both based tutorial culture illiterate, and have asked to undergo continuing education graduate; both rural farmers, but also white-collar sectors of the professional and managerial personnel; both industrial and commercial staff, but also the general consumer ; both officials and managers, but also the homeless, ethnic minority groups, such as refugees and criminals. The United States of adult education has attracted more than one-third of the adult population participate in the study.

The United States has provided adult education a wide variety of projects, such as the metropolitan Los Angeles City Community College on the creation of more than 30 includes more than 80 professional. So diverse and specific curriculum guarantee of the United States adult education to achieve its many objectives, to meet the needs of different types of students.

In the management, the United States attaches importance to adult education services for students as much as possible. In the study, for the participants to provide advice and guidance regarded as a basic duty of teaching staff. In the learning activities, in the teaching equipment, the environment and learning materials to fully meet the needs of students. Many adults teaching sites bright and spacious, comfortable tables and chairs, books rich with coffee pots and ashtrays, as far as easy and effective adult learning. In the class, provide counselling for the trainees, and other follow-up services.

Adult education is the United States vigorously Another reason is the development of national and community attention and participation, formation of adult education, will be conducive to the development of external mechanism.

The United States Government to intervene in the adult education has always been indirect, focused. For example, 1991 Florida 6000 Eastern Airlines bankruptcy due to unemployment, the Labor Department appropriations 1 million US dollars to the state's community colleges a commission to train its people to enable them to rejoin the workforce. Mainly in the United States at all levels of government legislation, funding and other forms of subsidies to focus on the overall situation, welfare and emergency training, the specific operation on the training bodies are rarely intervene.

The United States held a variety of adult education institutions. Such as: Harvard University in 1910 and first of all ages to open up the external Bachelor of Arts degree, by this can pursue post-graduate professional schools, senior degree in 1982, two years or four-year college students officially registered, 39% adults over the age of 25; a growing number of industrial and commercial enterprises has set up a special internal manpower training and development institutions, direct the training of employees so that enterprises will become learning institutions; adult education in the United States also received the support of the private sector, non-profit nationwide television channel, educational television station, from a consortium of the Adult Education Foundation contributions 10 million US dollars in 1966 establishment of the broad masses of volunteers and adult education in the United States carried out large-scale contribution is also very strong.

Therefore, our country should also learn from the success of the United States adult education experiences, and the cause of China's adult education do better and better.

Answer 2

US'S adult education
Looked from the world scope that, US already became in theadult education overall to be most developed, the human resourcesdevelops one of most advanced national. One of most main reasons isthe US adult education benefits from an effective developmentmechanism.
The US adult education not only throughout aims at social andindividual development actual need, causes its goal to present themultiplicity, such as the elementary education enrolls insupplementary lessons, professional skill training, the political newaction carries out, the technical achievement promotion and theapplication, the family and individual life question solution, thepublic relations and the leisure need and so on, but alsodistinctively displays practical, pays great attention to directly,effectively solves in the social life actual problem. It alreadyprovides the degree curriculum and occupation training, opens for thesituation disadvantage compensates the curriculum, consults andinstructs, the leisure entertainment, the community to develop aspectthe and so on question discussion and solution for the community allinhabitants offer of employment service, even also must train unwedmother and so on. This kind of diverse practical goal causes the adulteducation into US society with individual life organic part, thusenable the adult education throughout to have the formidable vigor in US.
US accepts in the adult education, both has the illiterate personwhich enrolls in supplementary lessons the foundation culture, and hasthe university graduation which the request accepts the continuingeducation; Also has the village Farm operator , also has the white collarworker specialized administrative personnel; Also has the industry andcommerce staff member, also has the general consumers; Also has theofficial and manager, also has the homeless person, the nationalminority community, the refugee and the criminal and so on. US'S adulteducation has attracted 1/3 many grown-up population participationsstudy.
US'S adult education has provided type many project, if the metropolisLos Angeles municipally established community college has opened morethan 30 contains more than 80 specialties. So diverse and the concretecurriculum content had guaranteed the US adult education achieves itsvarious goal, has met each kind of student's needs.
In the management, the US adult education takes to serve as far aspossible for the student. Before the study, provides the consultationand the instruction for the student is regarded as teaches the dutypersonnel's basic responsibility. In the learning activity, in theteaching equipment, the environment and the study material aspectfully meets student's need. Many adults teaching place spaciousbright, furniture comfortable, the books are rich, are equipped withthe coffeepot and the ash-tray, lets the adult as far as possible withease and effectively studies. After the class, provides damage controlservice and so on the counselling for the student.
The US adult education therefore vigorously develops another reason isnational and the social from all walks of life value and theparticipation, formed has been advantageous to the adult educationdevelopment exterior mechanism.
The American government to the adult education intervention throughoutis indirect, has key. Like, in 1991 the Florida 6,000 people becausethe East airline went bankrupt is unemployed, Labor Department namelyallocated funds 1 million US dollars for a this state communitycollege, entrusted it to carry on training to these people, causedthem reto get employed. American all levels of governments mainlylegislate, allocate funds and so on the form subsidize with emphasisaffect the whole situation, the welfare and urgent training, to trainsthe organization concrete operation then very little intervenes.
US conducts the adult education many and varied the organization. Forexample: Harvard University took the lead in 1910 to theextracurricular various ages open bachelor of arts degree, afterattained this degree then to study assiduously in the school eachspecialized advanced academic degree; In 1982, two years or in fouryear systems institutes official registration student, 39% was 25 yearold of above adult; The more and more many industry and commerceenterprise interior has also set up special manpower training and thedevelopment organization, directly trains the employee, causes theenterprise to become the study organization; The US adult educationdevelopment also has the personal support, the entire America mustseeks to make a profit the television frequency channel, namely theeducation television station namely donated money 10 million USdollars by a financial group's adult education foundation to establishin 1966; But the general volunteers very are also big to the US adulteducation large-scale development contribution.
Therefore, our country also should profit from the US adult educationthe success experience, makes well our country adult educationenterprise, is more perfect.

Answer 3

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