英语中关系代词怎么用

如题所述

定语从句(Attributive Clause),又称关系从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词,定语从句通常跟在先行词的后面,由关系词(Relative)引出。关系词包括关系代词或关系副词
关系代词有:that, which, who, whom, whose等。
关系副词有:when,where, why等。
关系词除用于引导从句外,还代替先行词在从句中充当一定的语法成分,如主语、宾语、定语和状语等。例如:
The man who wrote this book is a famous scientist.写这本书的人是一位著名的科学家。
在该句中,the man为先行词;关系代词who引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语。再如:
The village where I was born has grown into a town.我出生的那个村庄已经变成了一个城市。
在该句中,先行词为the village,关系副词where引导一个定语 从句并在从句中充当地点状语。
关系代词(Relative Pronoun)可以代替先行词(即:被定语从句修饰的词)是指人或物的名词和代词,并在从句中起主语、宾语和定语等作用。(各个关系代词的代替功能以及它们在从句中所起的作用见下页列表。)例如:

Where is the girl who (或 that) was injured in the accident?
在事故中受伤的那个女孩在哪儿?(关系代词作主语)
The man whom (或 that) you saw just now is our manager.
你刚才见到的那个人是我们的经理。(关系代词作宾语)
He found the watch which (或 that) he had lost.
他找到了他丢掉的那块表。(关系代词作宾语)
The house which (或 that) was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.
那座在大火中烧坏的房子不久将被修复。(关系代词作主语)
Is there anyone here whose name is Wang Lin?
这儿有个名字叫王林的人吗?(关系代词作定语)
The building whose roof we can see from here ivS a supermarket.
我们在这儿看得见屋顶的那座大楼是一家超级市场。(关系代词作定语)
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第1个回答  2018-01-20
一、指人的关系代词。
主格——who,用在动词前,作主语。
属格——whose,用在名词前作定语。
宾格——whom,用在主语、谓语动词的前面,作动词或介系词的宾语。
二、指物的关系代词。
主格——which,用在动词前,作主语。
属格——whose,用在名词前作定语。
宾格——which,用在主语、谓语动词的前面,作动词或介系词的宾语。
三、指人或物的关系代词。
主格——that,用在动词前,作主语。
属格——whose,用在名词前作定语。
宾格——that,用在主语、谓语动词的前面,作动词或介系词的宾语。
四、其它关系代词。
but,as,than作关系代词引导定语从句
but既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含"否定"的意思,其作用相当于"that /which /who...not"。它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词(如:no,not, little,few,hardly等)。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。例如: There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children.)没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。
as既可指人,也可指物,常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。例如: ①He is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人。 ②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading.不要读那些不值得读的书。 as作关系代词,还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。例如: ① Taiwan,as we all know,is an inseparable part of China. ②As we all know,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. ③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as we all know.
than前通常有表比较的词。例如:Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。
在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时,还要注意区分下列两个词组: 1."such...that..."表"如此……以致……"的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而"such...as..."表"像……这(那)样"的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子: ① He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他。 ② He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人。 2."the same...that..."表同一人或物,而"the same...as..."表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子: ①This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一本书。(指同一本书) ②This is the same book as I lost.我丢失的那一本书一模一样。(并不是原来的那一本)
关系代词的用法
关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
例1. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who / that在从句中作主语,指人)
例2. He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom / that在从句中作宾语,指人)
例3. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(whose在句中作定语,指人)
例4. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.(whose在句中作定语,指物。若指物,它还可以同of which互换)
例5. The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作carry的宾语,指物)
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