第1个回答 2012-08-29
(一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.
2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.
3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.
4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.
5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.
6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.
(二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:
限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.
3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.
4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.
(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词,这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.
1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.
2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
知识重点与难点
(一)当先行词有最高级,序数词修饰,是不定代词,或是all, no, only等形式时,关系代词一般用that,而不能用which。
1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.
2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.
(二)当先行词是表示时间,地点,原因的词时,关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that
1. I'm very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.
2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.
3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn't tell the truth to me.
4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.
(三)定语从句的简化表达:
1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
说明:以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来:
1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
说明:修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外,还可以用非谓语动词形式:doing短语,done短语,being done短语,to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下:
1. 被修饰名词+doing短语: 正在做….的人/正在发生的事。
2. 被修饰名词+ done短语: 被…..的人/事
3. 被修饰名词+being done短语:正在被…..的人/事
4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语:将要被…..的人/事
(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?
(2)The "crazy" gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means "you have a phone call" in Brazil.
(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?
(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.
(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.
(7)The Yellow River, said to be "the mother river" runs across China like a huge dragon.
总结:以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词,不定式的各种形式作定语。
1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语,则可以放在被修饰名词前面。
2. 分词作定语时,其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做,V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的
3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的,to be done表示将要被做的
以上回答供您参考!希望对您有所帮助!
杭州图书馆
第2个回答 2012-08-28
在复合句中用作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句通常位于所修饰的名词或代词之后,常由关系代词或关系副词引出,被修饰的词称为先行词。常见的关系代词有:who\whom\which\that\whose,关系副词有:when\why\where.
一、先行词为指人的名词或代词时,定语从句用who或that来引导。例如:Do you know the girl who is in a red dress.你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩吗?
The man who we saw that day hasn't come here yet.那天我们见到的那个人还没有来这儿。
二、先行词是指物的名词或代词时,用which或that, which或that在从句中做主语或宾语。例如:She works in a shoe factory which\that is far from here.她在离这儿很远的一家鞋厂工作。
三、只能用关系代词that引导的几种情况:A、当先行词是anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时。例如:I'm sorry to tell you that there is nothing that I can do for you.很抱歉告诉你,我帮不上忙。
Is there anything that you want to buy in town?你在城里有什么东西要买吗?
B、当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。例如:This is the best way that can solve the problem.这是解决问题的最好方法。
This is the most beautiful flower that I have seen.这是我看到的最美的花。
C、当先行词被first,last,only,very,no,just,any,little等词修饰时。例如:She asked for the last book that was on the subject.她要了有关这个科目的最后一本书。
This is the only one that I'm looking for.这是我正在找的唯一的一个。
四、who引导的定语从句
A、who引导的定语从句的先行词为表示人的名词或代词。例如:The boy who is standing under the tree is Peter.
B、who在定语从句中作主语时不能省略;但在非正式的英语中,who也可作宾语,且可以省略。例如:The person who was here yesterday is a teacher.
The man (who) I saw just now is Mr Liu.
C、在定语从句中,who在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。例如:Do you know the boy who is standing over there?
D、若先行词中既有人又有物,关系代词用that,而不用who。例如:He watched the children and boxes that filled the car.他看见了塞满汽车的孩子和盒子。
E、若先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词修饰,关系代词用that而不用who。例如:Yao Ming is the best basketball player that I kown.
五、当先行词为地点名词时,用关系副词where引导。例如:This is the place where we came last summer.
六、当先行词为表示时间的名词时,用关系副词when来引导。例如:She came on the day when I was not at home.她来的那天我不在家。
这些都是我上课做的笔记,唔,码字好辛苦的~~手都酸了,不过对我自己也有帮助的呢,我也复习了一遍……(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……希望对你有所帮助。