英语读音知识

寻找这方面的英语资料:什么是原音字母、什么是辅音字母、各个音节都是怎么读的。找这些英语的基础知识,文章、网页、视频什么的都可以,谢谢~~

英 语 音 标
元音
前元音:[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [  ]
中元音:[  ] [ : ] [  ]
后元音:[a:] [  ] [ : ] [ u ] [ u: ]
双元音:[ei] [ai] [i] [au] [u] [i] [] [u]

辅音
爆破音:(清) [ p ] [ k ] [ t ]
(浊) [ b ] [ ɡ] [ d ]
摩擦音:(清) [ f ] [  ] [ s ] [  ] [ h ]
(浊) [ v ] [  ] [ z ] [  ] [ r ]
破擦音:(清) [ t ] [ tr ] [ ts ]
(浊) [ d ] [ dr ] [ dz ]
鼻 音: [ m ] [ n ] []
舌则音: [ l ]
半元音: [ w ] [ j ]

单词的读音:辅音与元音拼,拼读时,辅音轻、短一点,元音长、重一点,两音相撞产生一个新音;辅音后无元音,发该辅音;元音前无辅音,发该元音,把每次产生的新音,连起来发,一个单词的读音就形成了。
音节:一个单词中有几个元音字母,就有几个音节。但,几个元音字母在一起的只算一个,结尾的一个E不算。
开音节:一个单词中元音字母发其本音,且是“辅元辅E”结构的。Bike, five.
闭音节:元音字母不发本音,发其对应的音(见下表)且是“辅元辅”结构的单词。 Run, get.

元音字母: A E I O U
开音节: [ ei ] [ i:] [ ai ] [ u ] [ju:]
闭音节: [  ] [ e ] [ i ] [  ] [  ]/[ u ]

辅 音 音 标 对 应 字 母
[ p ] 对应字母是:P(后无H) pen, map, happy, penfriend
[ b ] 对应字母是:B(注意mb结尾时,b不发音) book, boy,behind, Hob
[ k ] 对应字母是:K,CK,C(后无I/E/Y/H) cake, kite, clock,
[ ɡ] 对应字母是:G (后无E或是DGE) gate, big, dig, girl
[ t ] 对应字母是:T (后无H/R)time, got, table, little
[ d ] 对应字母是:D (后无GE/R)door, dance, road, middle
[ f ] 对应字母是:F,PH five, photo, flight, football
[ v ] 对应字母是:V vest, live, vast, review
[ ] 对应字母是: TH thing, three, fifth, throw
[  ] 对应字母是: TH that, this, father, with
[ s ] 对应字母是: S,CE/CI/CY/ see, dance, city, certainly
[ z ] 对应字母是:Z, 元/浊音后的后加的S zip, zoo, boys, doors
[  ] 对应字母是:SH shop, fish, show, English, sheep
[  ] 对应字母是:U中间的S usually unusual
[ h ] 对应字母是: H,WH- hole, whole, who, Helen
[ r ] 对应字母是: R(前无T/D/A/E/O)right, robber, room
[ t ] 对应字母是:CH much, chair, chat, China
[ d ] 对应字母是:开头的字母J,-GE,-DGE June, just, bridge, change
[ tr ] 对应字母是:TR tree, try, trousers
[ dr ] 对应字母是: DR draw, dress, drive
[ ts ] 对应字母是:-TS,-TES boots, tastes
[ dz ] 对应字母是: -DS, -DES beds, besides
[ m ] 对应字母是: M morning, come, match, comb
[ n ] 对应字母是: N(mn结尾时,n不发音;后无K/G)night, fine, nose, nine
[  ] 对应字母是: -NG,-NK think, thing, ink, English
[ l ] 对应字母是: L light, left, let, travel
[ w ] 对应字母是: W-, WH-, -W- why, where, swim,
[ j ] 对应字母是: Y- yes, year, your

元 音 字 母 组 合
[ i: ] 字母组合: E\EA\EE\I\IE be, we, please, feet, see, free, police, machine, believe, piece
[ i ] 字母组合: I\E –Y in, six, English, country
[ e ] 字母组合: E\EA\A pen, yellow, health, sweater, any, many
[  ] 字母组合: A bag, man, than, shall
[  ] 字母组合: -ER,-OR worker, visitor
[ :] 字母组合: ER\IR\UR\OR\EAR her, term, bird, first, turn, burn, worse, learn, earth
[  ] 字母组合: U\O\OU cup, hungry, love, front, touch, young
[ a: ] 字母组合: A\AR\AL\AU class, last, are, hard, start, half, aunt
[  ] 字母组合: A\O what, wash, not, long, doll
[ : ] 字母组合: AL\AU\OR\ORE\OOR\OUR\AR\AW all, chalk, daughter, autumn, sport, born, more, before, four, quarter, draw, saw
[ u ] 字母组合: OUL\U\OO\O book, goodness, could, full, woman,
[ u: ] 字母组合: U\O\OO blue, ruler, do, shoe, zoo, moon
[ ei ] 字母组合: A\-AY\AI\EIGH\-EY name, same, way, day, wait, train, eighteen
[ ai ] 字母组合: I\-Y\IGH I, tiger, by, bye, fly, right, high,
[ i ] 字母组合: OI\OY toilet, joy, boy, enjoy
[ au ] 字母组合: OU\OW out, count, round, how, down, town
[  ] 字母组合: O\OA\OW close, only, boat, coat, row, know, show
[ i ] 字母组合: EAR\EER\ERE\EA dear, hear, pioneer, here, idea
[  ] 字母组合: AIR\ERE\EAR\EIR\ARE fair, hair, there, wear, their, careful
[  ] 字母组合: URE sure

字母音素归类:
A [ ei ]: H, J, K
E [ i: ]: B, C, D, G, P, T, V,
I [ ai ]: Y
O [  ]:
U [ju:]: Q, W
[ e ] : F, L, M, N, S, X, Z
[ a: ] : R

语 音 知 识

1.关于语音的几个概念
1) 字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,
2) 音标:词的语音形式。
3) 音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。
4) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand
5) 元音:发音响亮,是元音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。
6) 辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
7) 开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+E: name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi
8) 闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it
9) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
2. 元音:
1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling
2) [i] sit, build, miss, myth
3) [e] bed, desk, head,
4) [ ] bad, land, bank, stamp
5) [a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
6) [] hot, want
7) [:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught
8) [u:] good, who, blue, soup,
9) [u] look, put, women, could
10) [] cup, come, blood, rough
11) [:] girl, work, serve, nurse
12) [] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday
13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,
14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye
15) [] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow
16) [au] house, town
17) [] boy, oil
18) [] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,
19) [] pear, care, there, fair
20) [] tour, poor,
3. 容易混淆的元音
1) [e] [] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land
2) [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid
3) [e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide
4) [au] [:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud
5) [au] [] found fond; gown gone; down don

4. 容易混淆的辅音
1) [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well
2) [s] [] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math
3) [z] [] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes
4) [n] [] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang

5. 读音规则
1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)
2) 非重读音节 [] banana, student, today, after, [i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday
6. 特殊读音
1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如:not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all
2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如:good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme
3)音的同化:两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。例:Would you do it? I am glad to meet you. Can't you see it? last year, this year,
7. 重音
1)单词重音
A)双音节词
一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry
有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late
有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent
有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war
B)多音节词
a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity, de'mocracy.
b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated, es'tablishment,
c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience, suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective
d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette
2)句子重音
A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重
B) 英语句子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
C) 实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be
D) 实词不重读的特殊情况
a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替词 Which book do you want? The small one.
d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!
e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street.
f)this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening
E)虚词重读的特殊情况
a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.
b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.
c) 介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.
d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.
e)反身代词表示强调。He couldn't come himself.
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答  推荐于2016-11-11
1.关于语音的几个概念
1)字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,
2)音标:词的语音形式。
3)音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。
4)音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand
5)元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。
6)辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
7)开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi
8)闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it
9)重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
2. 元音:(注意:下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)
1)[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling
2)[i] sit, build, miss, myth
3)[e] bed, desk, head,
4)[æ] bad, land, bank, stamp
5)[a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
6)[ɔ] hot, want
7)[ ɔ:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught
8)[u:] good, who, blue, soup,
9)[u] look, put, women, could
10)[Λ] cup, come, blood, rough
11)[ә:] girl, work, serve, nurse
12)[ә] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday
13)[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,
14)[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye
15)[әu] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow
16)[au] house, town
17)[ɔi] boy, oil
18)[iә] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,
19)[εә] pear, care, there, fair
20)[uә] tour, poor,
3. 容易混淆的元音
1)[e] [æ] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land
2)[i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid
3)[e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide
4)[au] [ɔ:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause
5)[au] [Λ] found fond; gown gone; down don
4. 辅音
1)[p] pen,
2)[b] bed, comb
3)[t] tell,
4)[d], day, played, wanted
5)[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box
6)[g] big, go, guess, language
7)[m] man
8)[n] nine, knife, autumn
9)[η] bank, uncle, English, sing,
10)[l] land, world
11)[r] read, write,
12)[f] five, cough, laugh
13)[v] voice, of
14)[θ] think,
15)[ ð] this, bathe
16)[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf
17)[z] zoo, close,
18)[∫] sure, she, social, nation
19)[/] pleasure,
20)[h] hot, who, hour
21)[w] wall, what, answer
22)[j] yes
23)[t∫] child, teach, catch
24)[d/] joke, bridge,
25)[ts] boats
26)[dz] goods
27)[tr] tree
28)[dr] dream
5. 容易混淆的辅音
1)[v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well
2)[s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math
3)[z] [ð] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes
4)[n] [η] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang
6. 读音规则
1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)
2)非重读音节 [ә] banana, student, today, after,
[i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday
7. 特殊读音
1)音的连读:not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all
2)失去爆破:good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme
3)音的同化:this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?
8. 重音
1)单词重音
A)双音节词
a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry
b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。
a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,
im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late
c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。
'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent
d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。
'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war
B)多音节词
a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.
b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。
'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,
c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。
cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective
d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette
2)句子重音
A) 英语的节奏:(轻)-轻-重-轻-(轻)或重-轻-(轻)(轻)重
B) 英语句子的长短:是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的,而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
C) 实词重读(副词重读),虚词轻读(冠词,单音节介词,单音节连词,人称代词,反代词,物主代词,关系代词,相互代词,助动词,情态动词和系动词be.
D) 实词不重读的特殊情况
a) 实词第二次出现
He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰
I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替词
Which book do you want? The small one.
d) 感叹词中的 what 和how
What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!
e) street 在专有名词中
Wangfujing Street.
f) this在这些短语中,this morning/afternoon/evening
E)虚词重读的特殊情况
a) 情态动词,助动词和系动词be在句首,句尾和否定时。
Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.
I don't like you. He isn't a worker.
b) 情态动词表示可能,惊奇和肯定时。
They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.
c) 介词在句首和句尾。
In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.
d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。
If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.
e)反身代词表示强调。
He couldn't come himself.
第2个回答  2008-10-30
概 念 拼读规则 1.找出元音字母2.判断音节数3.识别重读音节4.划分音节5.确定音节类别6.给出音节的读音
元音音素 发音时,气流从胸腔发出,经过发声通道,不受阻碍,只受发音器官调节.是浑浊音。
辅音音素 发音时,气流从胸腔发出,经过发声通道,受到发音器官阻碍。有清浊两种辅音。
音 素 语音的最小单位 分 类 数目48个其中元音20个,辅音28个(清音11,浊音37)
音 标 音素的文字符号 分 类 单长元5,单短元7,双元8,爆6,磨10,破擦6,鼻3,半2,舌侧1
音 节 语音的最小片段 分 类 1.纯元音音节 2.元辅混合音节 3.非重读辅音音节
单 词 语言的最小单位 特 点 至少含有一个元音字母,无元音字母单词不存在
句 子 意群的最小单位 特 点 1.明确含义2.合适语法3.开头大写4.一定语调5.句尾符号
字 母 文字的最小单位 分 类 基本元音字母5个,基本辅音字母20个,自由人2个 (Y,U)
元音字母:AEIOU 辅音字母:BCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXZ 自由人:Y,U
节数 单音节词的构成 1.单个元音字母2.单个元音字母+E 3.单个元音字母+辅音 4.多个元音+辅音
5.单个元音字母+单个辅音字母+E 6.单个元音字母+两个辅音+E 7.多元音字母+辅音+E
双音节词 1.有两个单音节 2.重读单音节+非重读辅音音节
多音节词 1.有三个单音节或三个以上单音节 2.两个元音音节+非重读辅音音节
重 读 判 断 重读音节 在单词中读的响亮清晰的音节,可分为1.开音节 2.闭音节 3.r音节 4.re音节 5.组合音节
非重读节 在单词中读的模糊较弱的音节,可分为1.单元音节2. 组合音节3.非重读辅音音节4.r音节
单音节词 全是重读音节,不需标重读符号,直接判断五种音节。
双音节词 1.一般情况下,动词在后面重读,非动词在前面重读
2.若由单音节词+非重读辅音音节构成,则在元音节上重读
3.若由单音节词+缀构成,则在原词上重读
4.若由单音节词+前缀构成,某些前缀可重读,构成双重读,如:pre-前post-后re-再un-不ex-前任
5.若由动词或非动词相互转换而来,则可按原词判断或可按转化后词性判断
多音节词 1.一般情况下,在倒数第三音节上重读
2.若由双音节词+缀构成,则在原双音节词上重读
3.第一重读音节前若还有两个以上音节,则再在倒数第二音节上进行第二次重读
4.若单词以-tion,-sion,-ic接尾,则在其前一个元音上重读
特殊情况 magazine introduce referee engineer interfere interrupt recommend souvenir entertain
音 节 划 分 单音节词 不需划分,直接判断其读音
双音节词 1.若重读音节在后,则重读元音前至少有一辅音归后。
2.若重读元音在前,其后的辅音判断如下:
结 构 划 分 构成音节 结 构 划 分 构成音节
重元+2辅+弱元 一分为二 闭音节 重元+2r+弱元 一分为二 闭音节
重元+3辅+弱元 前一后二 闭音节 重元+辅+r+弱元 一分为二 闭音节
重元+4辅+弱元 前二后二 闭音节 重元+r+辅+弱元 一分为二 r 音节
重元+1辅+弱元 多数归前 闭音节 重元+单+r+弱元 一分为二 re 音节
少数归后 开音节 特殊:story['stC: ri],very['veri],bury['beri],furry[f[:ri]
重元+1辅+ le 辅音归后 开音节 able,title,noble,table
重元+2辅+ le 一分为二 闭音节 single,gentle,giggle,little,apple,crystle,middle,riddle,noddle
音 节 类 别 Silent E 元音字母E在词尾,若其前有任一元音字母,则此E为不发音的E ,如 : tie,shoe,true,see,dance,like
开 音 节 1.绝对:单个元音结尾 2.相对:单元+单辅+E结尾 3.单个元音+E结尾tie,bye,see,doe,tee,flee,true
闭 音 节 1.绝对:单元+单辅结尾 2.相对:单元+两辅+E结尾 3.单元+两辅以上结尾 4.重元+rr+弱元
r 音 节 1.绝对:单元+单辅R car 2.相对:单元+单R+辅音+E结尾horse 3.单元+单R+辅park,torch
re 音 节 1.绝对:单元+单辅R+E pure 2.相对:重单元+单R+弱元parent,hero,zero,serious,furious,during,fury
字母组合 1.单元+辅音al,ew2.多元oo,ea 3.多元辅oor,ear,ower,augh,tion 4.两个以上辅音字母bl,tn,kl,dn,tm
单元音节 在非重读音节中,单个的元音字母独自构成的音节.
非重辅节 词尾辅音m,n,l常与其前的辅音构成,特点是必在词尾,且为非重读节。如:apple,table,autumn
第3个回答  2008-10-30
元音字母字母包括a,e,i,o,u.剩下的都是辅音字母.怎么读我是教不了你了,有单词不会念装个金山词霸,然后点发音就OK
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