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同位语从句和定语从句在句法功能是不同的可以从三个方面来区别。
1、根据that来区别。引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除了起连接主句和从句的作用外,还代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分。而且这个that还常可以用which来代替。引导同位语从句的that是个连词,只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,也不能用which来代替。
2、根据先行词来区别。定语从句的先行词可以是人,也可以是具体事物或抽象概念。定语从句在复合同中相当于形容词,对这些先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用。
3、根据引导词来区别。如果引导从句的词为when,where,why或者how,而其前面的名词又分别表示时间、地点、原因或方式方法等意义,则它们为关系副词,引导的是定语从句。
定语从句和同位语从句分别是什么
定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句(英语:attributive clause),这类从句除了可以做定语之外,还可以充当状语等其他成分。
同位语从句是指在复合句中充当同位语的从句,属于名词性从句的范畴,同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明,被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。