英语语法中,while和when的用法有什么不同,急需详解。

如题所述

when 与 while 用法解析

连接词when与while是一对常与过去进行时合作的twins。但正如世界上没有两片完全相同的树叶一样,when与while在有着某些相似之处的同时,彼此也各有一些区别于对方的截然不同的“独特个性”。Do you want to know the differences between them?请看——

● when 解析版

〔引导时间状语从句〕具体地说,它有以下几种含义:

1.表明一个动作发生的时候,另一个动作正在进行之中。例如:

When the teacher came into the classroom ,we were reading English.当老师走进教室时,我们正在读英语。

2.表明当某一动作正在进行时,另一动作发生了。如:

When Kate was flying a kite,she found a wallet lying on the ground.凯特正在放风筝时,她发现地上有个钱包。

〔特别提示〕当when从句放在主句之后时,它更强调某一动作的突然性,此时的when相当于and then,and suddenly,just at that time。如;

1.We were watching TV when the telephone rang.(=We were watching TV and suddenly the telephone rang.)我们正在看电视,(突然)电话铃响了。

试比较:When we were watching TV, the telephone rang.我们正在看电视时,电话铃响了。

2.The boys were playing football when it began to rain.男孩子们正在踢球时,(不料)开始下雨了。

3.I was taking a walk when I came across Lily.我正在散步时,(没想到)遇见了莉莉。

特别是主句中有just,或when从句中有suddenly时,这种突然性更为明显、强烈。例如:

4.He was just falling asleep when he heard someone shout,“Stop the thief!”他刚要入睡,突然听到有人喊:“抓贼!”

5.We were doing our homework at school last night when the lights went out.昨天晚上我们正在学校写作业时,灯(突然)灭了。

〔相关链接〕when引导的状语从句除了上述意义之外,也常具有其他一些含义:

1.一……就……(=as soon as)

We will stand up when the teacher comesin.老师一进来我们就起立。

2.虽然;然而;可是(=although)

We had only five boxes when we needed eight.我们需要八个箱子,可是只有五个。

3.每当……(=whenever)

It is always very hot here when it is summer.每当夏季,这儿总是很热。

4.既然(=since,as)

Why did you come here on foot when you know you should come by bike?既然你知道该骑自行车来,你为何还要步行呢?

● while 解析版

while引导状语从句,有以下两种含义:

1.表示某个动作正在进行的同时,另一动作也在进行之中,这时主从句都用进行时态,有对同类的两个动作进行对比的意味。如:

While I was playing the piano,she was dancing.我在弹钢琴,她在跳舞。

While Jim is picking apples,Kate is carrying apples to the truck.吉姆正在摘苹果,凯特正在把苹果搬到卡车上去。

2.表示某个动作正在进行时,又发生了另一动作(该动作用一般过去时)。如:

While I was reading,I fell asleep.我读着读着就睡着了。

While we were swimming in the river,we saw a fish jump out of the water.我们正在河中游泳时,看见一条鱼跃出了水面。

〔相关链接〕

while还有以下几种常见用法:

1.只要(=as long as)

There will be life while there is water and air.只要有空气和水,就会有生命。

2.而;然而〔表示对比〕

He is a driver while I'm a teacher.他是司机,而我是老师。

3.虽然(=although);尽管〔表示让步〕

While I see what you say,I can't agree with you.虽然我能理解你说的话,但是我不能同意你。

4.用作名词,表示“一会儿或一段时间”,常与a,the或this等连用。如:

Just wait a while and then I will help you.等一下,我会来帮你的。

Where have you been all this while?这一阵子你一直都在哪儿?

● when 与 while 区别版

综上所述,我们可以看出when与while本质的区别在于:when既可以指某一点时间,也可以指某一段时间,其从句谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的、非延续性的,也可以是延续性的;while指一段时间,从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。即:指一段时间时,when可用while来代替;指一点时间时,when不能用 while来代替。试比较:

When he woke up,it was eight o'clock.(√)

While he woke up,it was eight o'clock.(×)

When I was waiting for a bus,I met her.(√)

While I was waiting for a bus,I met her.(√)

●练习版 Can you say the following sentences in English?

1.当我们到达火车站时,天正下着雪。

______________________________

2.孩子们正在做游戏,突然铃响了。

______________________________

3.爸爸在洗车时,妈妈在做饭。

______________________________

4.琳达正在跑步时伤了自己的左腿。

______________________________

5.我们在西安时,每天见面。

______________________________

Key:

1.When we got to the train station,it was snowing.

2.The children were playing games when the bell rang.

3.While dad was washing his car,mum was cooking.

4.When /While Linda was running,she hurt her left leg.

5.When /While we were in Xi'an,we met every day. when和while引导的时间状语从句与这一时态连用。所以区别when和while的用法成了这一单元的难点。 (一)、when,while都有“当……时候”的意思。when既可表示某一点时间,也可以表示某一段时间 。在when引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生。 例如: 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书。 2、Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗? 3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。 (二)、while只能表示某一段时间,不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。 例如: 1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他。 2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。 (三)、另外,when和while的区别还在于:while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态,而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。 例如: 1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了。 2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候,我正在做家庭作业
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第1个回答  2013-09-22
while的用法可从下述几点理解与运用。
一、while意为\"当......时候\",指一段时间,不能用来表示一个时间点。
While the discussion was still going on, George came in. 当讨论还在进行时,乔治走了进来。
二、while意为\"而;然而\",表示转折。
There\'re plenty of rain in the southeast, while there\'s little in the northeast. 东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。
三、while意为\"虽然;尽管\",表示让步。
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. 尽管我承认他的优点,但我还是能看到他的缺点。
四、while意为\"只要\",表示条件。
We can surely overcome these difficulties while we are closely united. 只要我们紧密地团结一致,一定能克服这些困难。
五、while从句中的省略。
当while从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,且含有be的某种形式时,从句中的主语连同be可同时省略。
While listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她在听收音机时睡着了。
While in London, he studied music and painting. 在伦敦时,他学习音乐和绘画。
六、while可用作名词,意为\"一会儿;一段时间\"。
作名词用时,主要用于短语中: after a while \"过了一会儿\"; all the while \"一直,始终\"; a short / little while ago \"刚才\"; once in a while \"偶尔,间或\"; wait / rest(for) a while \"等 / 休息一会儿\"。
I haven\'t seen her for a long while.我好久没有看见她了。
Where have you been all this while?这一阵子你到哪去了?
He usually goes to work by bike, but once in a while he goes by bus. 他通常骑自行车上班,但偶尔也乘公共汽车。
I looked everywhere for the letter, but it was in my pocket all the while. 我到处找那封信,却不知它一直在我口袋里。
七、while与when以及as之间的区别。
1. 当从句中的谓语动词是持续性的动作时,我们可以用while, when或as。
While / When / As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.我顺着马路往前走时,发现银行门前停着一辆警车。
2. 当从句中的谓语动词表示瞬间动作时,不可用while。
He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走,这时有人敲门。
3. 如果谈论两个长动作,最常用的是while。
While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 约翰坐在那里咬指甲时,我想出了一个回家的办法。
不过, as是可以用来说明两种正在发展或变化的情况的,这时as引导一个持续性的动作,主句中的动作与之同时进行。
As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候,他越来越兴奋。
4. 如果表示两个短动作或事件同时发生,最常用的是as或just as,也可用when。
Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound. 当他抓住球的时候,有一种撕裂的声音。
I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了。本回答被网友采纳
第2个回答  2013-09-22
when 当什么时 可表瞬间 事情可同时 或者先后发生
例子
it was snowing when we got to the airport 我们到机场时 天在下雪(先后顺序)

while 用于相伴发生的 同时进行
例子
some students were reading while others were writing
有些学生在读书 有些在写.

①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点,也可指一段时间,while是during the time that,只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。

②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。

③由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,如:

a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.

当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为:

While we were talking, the teacher came in.

b. They were singing while we were dancing.

④when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”;while表示“而,却”,表对照关系。如:

a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.
孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米,这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。

b. He is strong while his brother is weak.
他长得很结实,而他弟弟却很瘦弱
第3个回答  2013-09-22
while作“当。。。的时候"时后面只能加进行时态,when 则可以用进行时态也可以用其他时态while还何以解释为“然而”,when没有这个意思
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