选择题： 1.People complain that decisions to approval or deny a permit are often ____rather than b

Question

选择题：
1.People complain that decisions to approval or deny a permit are often ____rather than based on fixed criteria.
A. appropriate B. conscious C. arbitrary D. controversial

2. He didn't selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a ____contribution to help the community.
A. commercial B. generous C. comparable D. profitable

3. Mary worked here as a____ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.
A. pessimistic B. temporary C. previous D. cautious

4. Don,t defend him any more. It's obvious that he____destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
A. accidentally B. carelessly C. deliberately D. clumsily

请帮忙讲解一下，详细一点哦，谢谢！

Answer 1

为你解答：
1. C
句意：你们往往报怨，对于许可证的批准或否定不是根据一定的规则，而是太随意。
Appropriate，合适的；conscious，故意的，意识清醒的；arbitrary，随意的；controversial，有争议的。根据句意，选C.
rather than而不是；base on根据，依据。
2. B
句意：他没有自私的把从叔叔那里继承下来的钱据为已有，而是慷慨地捐出来，帮助社区。
commercial，商业的；generous慷慨的；comparable，可比较的；profitable，可赢利的，有收益的。
3. B
句意：Mary以前在这里做临时秘书，结果她在这家公司获得了一份全职的工作。
pessimistic，悲观的；temparable，临时的，暂时的；previous，先前的；cautious，小心的，谨慎的。
4. C
句意：不要再为他辩护了，很明显，他是故意破坏花园的围墙的，甚至边道歉都没有。
accidentally，意外地，偶然地；carelessly，粗心地；deliberately，故意地；clumsily，笨拙地，所以选C.
本题根据obvious和even without apology来判断他是故意地。

希望能帮到你，请采纳，谢谢！祝学习进步，天天开心！
有不明白的，请随时提问！

Answer 2

1. People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often ____rather than based on fixed criteria.

【选择】C. arbitrary
【解析】根据下文 rather than based on fixed criteria（而不是基于固定标准）可知人们抱怨的是赞成或否决一项授权应该是“基于或遵从于个人判断或喜好的”。appropriate（适当的）、conscious（有意识的）或controversial（有争议的）都与下文的意思不符。

2. He didn't selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a ____contribution to help the community.

【选择】 B. generous
【解析】上文提到He didn't selfishly keep for himself the money（他没有自私地把这些钱归为己有），那么下文就应该说“而是大大方方地捐献出来”。也就是说made a generous contribution正好与上文的selfishly keep 形成对照。commercial（商业捐献）、comparable（有比较的捐献）或profitable （有利可图的捐献）都不符上文的意思。

3. Mary worked here as a____ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.

【选择】B. temporary
【解析】下文的ended up getting a full-time job with the company意思是“终止了向该公司求得一份专职工作”，既然不是 full-time job，那么她就应该是个temporary secretary（临时性的秘书）。

4. Don’t defend him any more. It's obvious that he____destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
【选择】C. deliberately
【解析】句中上下文的两处信息点都说明是“故意损坏了围墙”：1）Don’t defend him any more （不要再替他辩护）；2）even without apology（甚至没有表示认错的道歉）

Answer 3

问：楼主，这些题目是你亲手输入的吗？指法不错！很细心，不象有的人，大小写不注意，错误很多。
不过，在看第一题时，遇到 to approval or deny a ...时，我就感到纳闷了，这个to究竟是介词还是不定式符号？approval不是名词吗？是名词，则to是介词，但它又与deny 并列，而deny这个词显然是及物动词，因为它后面有宾语a permit, 难道approval可以作动词，一查词典，不对啊！它是approve的名词！
搜索结果，发现，题目本身有打印错误：原来该题出自：2013年湖北卷英语试题
27. People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often ______ rather than based on fixed criteria.
A. appropriate B. conscious C. arbitrary D. controversial
答：C
译：
人们抱怨说 签发或拒签许可证的决定经常是随意的，并不根据规定的标准。
析：本题考查的是形容词辨析。
A. appropriate 适合的
B. conscius意识到
C. arbitrary 任意的，武断的
D. controversial有争议的
要想详细的回答，题目少而精。有自己的疑惑。