英语中“主谓一致”的定义是什么?

我想要专业点的回答,不要只是笼统的说是主语谓语要保持一致。

主谓一致是指:
  1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
  2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
  3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
  一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
  There is much water in the thermos.
  但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
  e.g. Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
  Large quantities of water are needed.
  In western countries, mountains of rubbish are thrown away each day.
  1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
  Reading and writing are very important.
  注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
  The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
  典型例题
  The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
  A. is B. was C. are D. were
  答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好像是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
  2 主谓一致中的就近原则
  1) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
  There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
  There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
  2)当either… or… 与neither… nor, 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 Either you or she is to go.
  Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
  3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
  当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
  The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
  He as well as I wants to go boating.
  4 谓语需用单数
  1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
  Each of us has a tape-recorder.
  There is something wrong with my watch.
  2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。
  The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
  《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
  3) 表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可,意思不变)。
  Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
  Ten yuan is enough.
  5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
  1) 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
  All is right. (一切顺利。)
  All are present. (所有人都到齐了。)
  2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。
  His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
  His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
  但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
  Are there any police around?
  3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
  A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
  The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
  A number of books have lent out.
  The majority of the students like English.
  population的谓语动词形式与表语一致,一般来说与分数,百分数连用时,谓语动词用复数。
  6 与后接名词或代词保持一致
  1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。
  Most of his money is spent on books.
  Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
  2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
  Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
  More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市
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第1个回答  2013-08-16
在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定,则要看句子的意思。多数情况下,根据句子的主语形式就能判定,但有的则要看整句的意思,及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。还未学习过主谓一致上篇的同学戳此去看哦>>12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience(听众,观众), government等作主语时,如看作是一个整体,谓语动词则用单数形式;如强调各个成员时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
1)My family is going to have a long journey. 我家要进行一次长途旅行。
2)My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜欢音乐。
3)The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。
4)The class were jumping for joy. 全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时,既可表示复数意义,也可表示单数意义,谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如:
1)All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。
2)All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。
3)Most of the wood was used to make furniture(家具)。14、the + 形容词(或分词)作主语时,常指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念,谓语动词则用单数形式。如:
1)The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。
2)The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)连接的是主语,谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如:
1)Either you or I am going to the movies.
2)Not only you but also he is wrong.16、不可数名词没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
1)Water is a kind of matter.
2)The news at six o’clock is true.17、集合名词如:people, police, cattle等作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
1)The police are searching for him.
2)The cattle are grassing(吃草).18、population当人口讲时,谓语动词用单数形式;当人们讲时,谓语动词用复数。如:
1)The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
2)One third of the population here are workers.19、the number of + 名词复数,是表示“……的数字”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;a (large/great) number of + 名词复数,表示许多,作主语时;谓语动词用复数形式。
1)The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.
2)A number of students have gone for an outing.20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
第2个回答  2013-08-16
简而言之,就是主语后边的动词要和做主语的词或词组在单复数上一致。
第3个回答  2020-06-06
英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则,语法一致原则,意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。
语法一致原则:主和谓通常语法形式上一致,主单,谓单,主复,谓复。

如:She is a girl她是一名女孩儿。中的she是主语用的是单数,所以说is是谓语也用的单数。

意义一致原则:谓语动词的形式根据主语所表达的单复数概念而定。

如:The old are very well。老年人很好。
中The old没有变复数却表达复数概念指所有的老年人。
这时,谓语动词are应该意义一致,所以用复数。
邻近一致原则指谓语动词形式根据靠近谓语动词的主语而定,也就是就近原则。
如:Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk 他父母和他本人都不是银行职员。其中你谓语最近的是单数,所以说谓语动词也用单数。
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