with复合结构是学生学习英语时经常接触的句型，也是高考考查的热点。在高三课本第六、第十单元的Reading部分中，出现了下面的句子。
There was an electric bell that did not work，with a card next to it bearing the name“Mr.James Dillingham Young”.(第十单元)
在这个句子中，with+名词+介词短语构成复合结构在句子中作状语。
Now we were on our feet with another 500 miles to go.(第六单元)
在这个句子中，with+名词+to do构成复合结构在句子中作状语。
1.with复合结构的构成
with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1)With+宾语+介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
2)with+宾语+过去分词(宾语与宾补之间是被动关系)
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
He lay in bed with his head covered.
3)with+宾语+现在分词(宾语与宾补之间是主动关系)
With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes.
4)with+宾语+todo(不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义)
I can't go out with all these dishes to wash.
5)with+宾语+形容词/副词
With John away，we've got more room.
Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
2.with复合结构的作用
with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。请阅读下面的句子。
1)We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.(作伴随状语)
2)She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.(作原因状语)
3)He lay in bed with his head covered.(作方式状语)
4)Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.(作伴随状语)
5)I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.(作原因状语)
6)He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.(作方式状语)
注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。
1)There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰letter）
2)It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance.(作定语修饰a stretch of country)
练习1：请选择最佳答案
1)With nothing_______to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out.
A.leaving B.left
C.leave D.toleave
2)The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes_______on the wall.
A.fixing
B.fixed
C.to be fixing
D.to be fixed
3)I live in the house with its door_________to the south.(这里with结构作定语)
A.facing
B.faces
C.faced
D.being faced
4)They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights____.
A.burn
B.burnt
C.burning
D.to burn
练习2：用with复合结构完成下列句子
1)_____________(有很多工作要做)，I couldn't go to see the doctor.
2)She sat__________(低着头).
3)The day was bright_____.(微风吹拂)
4)_________________________，(心存梦想)he went to Hollywood.
练习3：把下列句子中的划线部分改写成with复合结构。
1)Because our lessons were over，we went to play football.
_____________________________.
2)The children came running towards us and held some flowers in their hands.
_____________________________.
3)My mother is ill，so I won't be able to go on holiday.
_____________________________.
4)An exam will be held tomorrow，so I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.
_____________________________.
答案及分析
答案（练习1）：
1)答案是B。with的宾语nothing和动词leave是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。
2)答案是B。短语fix one's eyes on
sth是“盯着……看”的意思，所以句中hereyes和动词fix是被动关系，所以用过去分词。
3)答案是A。face“朝、向”，是不及物动词，所以和itsdoor是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。4)答案是C。burn“点燃、发亮、发光”，是不及物动词，所以和theirlights是主动关系，所以用现在分词。
答案(练习2)：
1)With a lot of work to do
2)with her head bent
3)with a fresh breeze blowing
4)With a dream in heart
答案(练习3)：
1)With our lessons over ，we went to play football.
2)The children came running towards us with the flowers in their hands.
3)With my mother being will，I won't be able to go on holiday.
4)With the exam to be held tomorrow，I couldn't go to the cinema tonight.
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