我可不知道有什么所谓的三原则 是指 引导词 语序 和时态吧 姑且这么理解 告诉你一口诀吧 很有用的
宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采.
展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关.
主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变.
陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连.
特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换.
三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意.
留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间.
[歌诀解码]
一、三姊妹
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:
1. 由that引导的宾语从句.如:
We knew (that)we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句.如:
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句.如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?
二、三关
1. 引导词关
如果从句是
陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词.
2. 语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序.如:
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序.如:
Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定.如:
I have heard(that)he will come back next week.
②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态.如:
He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.
注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用
一般现在时.如:
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化.如:
“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定.主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号.如:
Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?
四、两副面孔
if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句.因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副.如:
If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.(时间状语从句)
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (宾语从句)
五、从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式.如:
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构.如:
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构.如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?
“当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式.如:
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.”
补充:
宾语从句就是一个句子在复合句中作动词或介词的宾语,在主句与从句之间有一个引导词,其结构为“主语+谓语动词+引导词+主语+谓语+其 它”.
主句 宾语从句
焦点一:宾语从句的引导词
1. 宾语从句具有陈述意义时用that引导.that无具体意思,不作任何成分,因此在口语或非正式文体中常常被省略.如:
She said (that) she would leave the book on his desk. 她说她会把那本书放在他的桌子上.
● 从句的主语是that时,that不能省略;主从句之间有插入语时,that不能省略;若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句,且由并列连词连 接时,只有第一个连词that可以省去,其余保留.如:
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上写着,它过去是演戏用的.
He thought that that was a washing machine. 他认为那是一台洗衣机.
My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 我姑姑说她要来,还要带她的女儿来.
2. 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,用if或whether来引导从句,意为“是否”.如:
Alice wanted to know if / whether her grandmother liked the bag. 艾丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包.
在下列几种情况下,只能用whether, 不能用if:
● 当or not 紧随连词之后时.如:
I don't know whether or not he will come on time. 我不知道他能否按时来.
● 从句用作介词宾语时.如:
I am interested in whether he joined the army. 我对他是否入伍很感兴趣.
● 在带to的
动词不定式前.如:
She doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. 她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视.
● 当宾语从句移至句首表强调时.如:
Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure. 这是否真实,我不敢肯定.
3. 宾语从句具有特殊疑问含义时用连接代(副)词引导,它们在宾语从句中充当一定成分,因此不能省略.如:
Did you hear what he said? 你听见他说的话了吗?(作宾语)
I don't know whose that is. 我不知道那是谁的.(作
表语)
Could you tell me how I get to the post office? 你能告诉我到邮局怎么走吗?(作状语)
焦点二:宾语从句的语序
无论宾语从句的主句是陈述句还是疑问句,也无论主从句间是什么引导词,宾语从句一律用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”.如:
Could you tell me? / Where does Wei Fang live?
→Could you tell me where Wei Fang lives?
● 当疑问代词who, what等在从句中作主语时,语序本来就是陈述语序,故语序不再变化.如:
Who will give us a talk? Please tell us.
→Please tell us who will give us a talk.
焦点三:宾语从句的时态
● 如果主句是
祈使句或主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时,则宾语从句可根据句意的需要而选用任何一种时态;若主句是一般过去时 ,宾语从句用表示过去的某种时态.
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他.
My father said that he was mending his bike. 我父亲说他正在修理自行车.
● 如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等,不论主句用何 种时态,从句一律用一般现在时.如:
The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播快.
He said time is money. 他说时间就是金钱.
焦点四:宾语从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, agree, choose, wish, decide 等,其后用that引导的宾语从句,若主从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结 构.如:
He agreed that he could help me with my English. → He agreed to help me with my English.
2. 当主句谓语动词为see, hear, watch, find等词时,其后that宾语从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补定语”结构,宾补多为不带to的不定式或 动词的现在分词.如:
I heard that she sang some songs in the next room. → I heard her sing some songs in the next room.
3. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时,可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构.如:
I don't know what I should do. → I don't know what to do.
Can you tell me how I get to the hospital? → Can you tell me how to get to the hospital?
焦点五:宾语从句的否定转移
当主句谓语动词为think, suppose, guess, believe等词时,并且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来.如:
I don't believe that he will come tomorrow. 我相信他明天不会来.
好的话多给点分 不好的话权当娱乐了