什么叫名词性从句

解释并举例

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
[编辑本段]一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连词:that(无任何词意)
whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)
as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.whichever,whomever
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:
whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
[编辑本段]二. 主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1) It + be + 名词 + that从句
(2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

[编辑本段]三、宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如:
I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。例如:
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?现在的问题是她是否应该有一个低意见的测试?
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留?
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用
不同时态。例如:
he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)
he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)
I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)
he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:
We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
[编辑本段]四、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如:
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
[编辑本段]五、同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
[编辑本段]六、名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
[编辑本段]七、名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
[编辑本段]八、if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
if和whether的区别:
1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如:
例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:
例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。
3 、在介词后,只能用whether。如:
例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether 。如:
Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. 这是否真的,我真的不知道。
(例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。--此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出)
5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:
例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ?
这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义.
[编辑本段]九、否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。
[编辑本段]十、高考热点透视
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时,为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本身无实义。此句也可以改写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
2.A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.(NMET2001)
A.how B.after C.what D.when
答案C。从句子结构可知,句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词,做主句谓语动词do的宾语,同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语,因此,此处的连接词应该用what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin.(MET1992)
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
答案:D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,句子语序要用陈述语序。
4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(上海2001年春季招生)
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据 doubt一词可知,所怀疑的应是是否能治好病,所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。”
5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
答案B。根据句意“一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句,而从句中wants缺少宾语,A. however 和D. whenever是不能作宾语的;排除A和D,whichever表示“无论哪一个,无论哪些”,应表示一定范围内的人或物,此处没有涉及事物的范围,所以应选 B.whatever,表示“无论什么”。
6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
答案C。本题句子的意思是:无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句,连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句,并在从句中作主语,相当于any person who或The person who, 意为“一切……的人”。而anyone和the person均非连词,不能引导从句,况who leaves the room last意为“某个最后离开房间的人”,与题意不符,如果要选A. Anyone或B. The person,都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D. Who就体现不出“无论谁”的含义了。
7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
答案为C。本题句子的意思是:Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D,从句中需要的是主语,所以whomever也不行。
8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)
A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案A。根据语境,甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因,故答案是A。答案B,C, D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境,下句应该问“那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”
9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)
A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语,排除D.what,而答案C, D均与题意不符,所以应选A.when。used to be表示一种过去存在的状态,本句的意思是“我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。”
10.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter ____ it was?(2001春季招生)
A.where B.what C.how D.which
答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析,应是哪本书,所以要填which,这句话的意思是“我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容,是哪一本书重要吗?”。
11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C when D. as (2001年上海)
答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导,接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名词后,用来解释或说明名词的内容。
12. —I think it is going to be a big problem.
—Yes, it could be.
—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
A、if B、how C、what D、that
答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句,而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词,可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分,我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that,再排除引导方式状语的how,答案是C,句子的意思是“我们能就此做些什么”。

参考资料:http://baike.baidu.com/view/414544.htm

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第1个回答  2019-05-24
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句
(Noun
Clauses)。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,
它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句。
1.
主语从句:主语从句在句中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前,但多数情况由
it
作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句之后。
①What
we
will
do
next
is
unknown
to
all.
接下来做什么大家都不知道。
②It
is
a
pity
that
you
should
miss
the
bus.
真遗憾,你错过了那班公共汽车
2.
表语从句:表语从句在句中作表语,位于主句中的系动词之后,如:
The
question
is
who
can
complete
the
difficult
task
.
问题是谁能完成这项艰巨的任务。
表语从句还可用
as
if引导。
He
looked
as
if
he
was
going
to
impress
everything
in
the
room
into
his
mind.
他看上去是要把屋里的一切都印入脑海
4.
宾语从句
(1)宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
①We
can
learn
what
we
did
not
know.
我们可以学习我们所未知的。
②He
was
very
pleased
with
what
you
had
said
at
the
meeting.
他对你会上所言十分满意。
如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make,
find,
see,
hear等,则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后,用it
作为形式宾语。
We
find
it
necessary
that
we
practise
spoken-English
every
day.
我们发现每天练习英语口语是很必要的。
另外,某些带宾语的形容词,如
sure,
happy,
glad,
certain等之后也可带宾语从句。(注:有的语法学家认为是省略了形容词后的介词)

I
am
sure
that
he
will
succeed.
我相信他会成功的。
注意(1)关联词只能用
whether
不能用
if
表示“是否”的情况如下:
A.
在表语从句和同位从句中。
①The
question
is
whether
the
film
is
worth
seeing.
问题是这部电影是否值得一看。②The
news
whether
our
team
has
won
the
match
is
unknown.
我们队是否赢得比赛的消息还是未知的。
B.
在主语从句中,只有用it
作形式主语时,whether
和if都能引导主语从句,否则,也只能用
whether。
①Whether
we
shall
attend
the
meeting
hasn’t
been
decided
yet.
②It
hasn’t
been
decided
whether
(if)
we
shall
attend
the
meeting.
我是否出席会议还没有决定。
C.
在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略)。
It
all
depends
(on)
whether
they
will
support
us.
这完全在于他们是否支持我们。
(2)关联词if,
whether均可使用的情况如下:
A.
引导宾语从句。
I
wonder
if
(whether)
the
news
is
true
or
not.
我琢磨这个消息是否属实。
B.
在“be+形容词”之后。
He
was
not
sure
whether
(if)it
is
right
or
wrong.
他不能确定那是对还是错。
(3)关联词只能用whether或if,
不能用that
的情况如下:
若doubt一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句时,主语为肯定句用whether或if,
主句为否定句或疑问句用that。
①I
doubt
whether
he
will
come
soon.
我怀疑他是否会很快来。
②I
do
not
doubt
that
he
will
come
soon.
我不怀疑他会很快来。
③Do
you
doubt
that
he
will
come
soon?
你怀疑他是否会很快来。
注意:下面这个例句中doubt的含义为“认为……未必可能”。
I
doubt
that
he
will
come.
我怀疑他未必会来
 
第2个回答  2019-05-08
名词性从句是由if,
whether,
that
和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功能同名词一样。
一.主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1.
It
作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It
作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:
It
is
a
pity
that
you
didn’t
go
to
see
the
film.
It
doesn’t
interest
me
whether
you
succeed
or
not.
It
is
in
the
morning
that
the
murder
took
place.
It
is
John
that
broke
the
window.
2.
用it
作形式主语的结构
(1)
It
is
+名词+从句
It
is
a
fact
that

事实是…
It
is
an
honor
that
…非常荣幸
It
is
common
knowledge
that
…是常识
(2)
it
is
+形容词+从句
It
is
natural
that…
很自然…
It
is
strange
that…
奇怪的是…
(3)
it
is
+不及物动词+从句
It
seems
that…
似乎…
It
happened
that…
碰巧…
(4)
it
+过去分词+从句
It
is
reported
that…
据报道…
It
has
been
proved
that…
已证实…
3.
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1)
if
引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)
It
is
said
,
(reported)
…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
It
is
said
that
President
Jingo
will
visit
our
school
next
week.
(right)
That
President
Jiang
will
visit
our
school
next
week
is
said.
(wrong)
(3)
It
happens…,
It
occurs…
结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
It
occurred
to
him
that
he
failed
in
the
examination.
(right)
That
he
failed
in
the
examination
occurred
to
him.
(wrong)
(4)
It
doesn’t
matter
how/whether
…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
It
doesn’t
matter
whether
he
is
wrong
or
not.
(right)
Whether
he
is
wrong
or
not
doesn’t
matter.
(wrong)
(5)
含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:
Is
it
likely
that
it
will
rain
in
the
evening?
(right)
Is
that
will
rain
in
the
evening
likely?
(wrong)
4.
What
与that
在引导主语从句时的区别
What
引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that
则不然。例如:
1)
What
you
said
yesterday
is
right.
2)
That
she
is
still
alive
is
a
consolation.
二.宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后
1.
作动词的宾语
(1)
由that引导的宾语从句(that
通常可以省略),例如:
I
heard
that
be
joined
the
army.
(2)
由what,
whether
(if)
引导的宾语从句,例如:
1)
She
did
not
know
what
had
happened.
2)
I
wonder
whether
you
can
change
this
note
for
me.
(3)
动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She
told
me
that
she
would
accept
my
invitation.
2.
作介词的宾语
例如:Our
success
depends
upon
how
well
we
can
cooperate
with
one
another.
3.
作形容词的宾语
例如:I
am
afraid
(that)
I’ve
made
a
mistake.
That
引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
Anxious,
aware,
certain,
confident,
convinced,
determined,
glad,
proud,
surprised,
worried,
sorry,
thankful,
ashamed,
disappointed,
annoyed,
pleased,
hurt,
satisfied,
content
等。也可以将此类词后的that
从句的看作原因状语从句。
4.
It
可以作为形式宾语
It
不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that
从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
例如:
We
heard
it
that
she
would
get
married
next
month..
5.
后边不能直接跟that
从句的动词
这类动词有Allow,
refuse,
let,
like,
cause,
force,
admire,
condemn,
celebrate,
dislike,
love,
help,
take,
forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如:
I
admire
their
winning
the
match.
(right)
I
admire
that
they
won
the
match.
(wrong)
6.
不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy,
order,
accuse,
refuse,
impress,
forgive,
blame,
denounce,
advise,
congratulate等。例如:
He
impressed
the
manager
as
an
honest
man.
(right)
He
impressed
the
manager
that
he
was
an
honest
man.
(wrong)
7.
否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为Think,
consider,
believe,
expect,
fancy,
guess,
imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:
I
don’t
think
this
dress
fits
you
well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)
三.表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,
look,
remain,
seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the
reason
is
that…
和It
is
because
等结构。例如:
1)
The
question
is
whether
we
can
make
good
preparation
in
such
a
short
time.
2)
This
is
why
we
can’t
get
the
support
of
the
people
3)
But
the
fact
remains
that
we
are
behind
the
other
classes.
4)
The
reason
he
is
late
for
school
is
that
he
missed
the
early
bus.
四.同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1.
同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
1)
The
king’s
decision
that
the
prisoner
would
be
set
free
surprised
all
the
people.
2)
The
order
that
all
the
soldiers
should
stay
still
is
given
by
the
general.
2.
同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:
He
got
the
news
from
Mary
that
the
sports
meeting
was
put
off.
3.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)
定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2)
定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:
1)
The
news
that
he
told
me
is
that
Tom
would
go
abroad
next
year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The
news
that
Tom
would
go
abroad
is
told
by
him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
第3个回答  2009-07-21
在句子中充当名词部分的句子叫做名词性从句~
What made me cried is that my money had been stolen.
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