英语 定语从句 如何学????

英语 定语从句 怎么学呀!!!!!!!!!!!

能教会我麽????

我英语成绩不好!!!

如果不行加我为好友行吗??你在上面教教我好吗???????????

快!!!!!
我还没学!!!!!!!!!!!

老师让预习!!!!!!!!!!!!!

快!!!!!

定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注:关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。
4.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
[编辑本段](一) 限定性定语从句
一、关系代词(在句中作主语、宾语或定语)
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg:this is the book (which)you want。]
2而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等,这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。
二、关系副词(在句中作状语)
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句。
2. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
[编辑本段](二)非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
4. 有时as也可用作关系代词
5. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用关系副词why和关系代词that,而用who, whom代表人,用which,whose代表事物.;
[编辑本段](三)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天,我帮助了一个迷路的老人.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(注:who和whom已无太大区别,基本上可以通用。唯一区别是who可以做主语而whom不可以。)
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 刘先生就是在公交车上和你聊天的那个人.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那个和我聊天的男人.
如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有英语书的男人.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.
4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
[编辑本段](四)注意
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时
从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
= The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
= Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(3) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
= We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等
T This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T=正确)
F This is the watch for which I am looking. (F=错误)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)
(2) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
关系代词
关系代词(一般情况下)that 可用who ,whom 和which在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语
which指物,在从句中作主语,谓语或宾语;
who在从句中作主语;
whom在从句中宾语;
where在从句中修饰表地点的名词,做地点状语;
when在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词,做时间状语;
why在从句中做原因状语,先行词通常是"reason"
有时why也可用for+which代替。
例:A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
______ _ _____ _____________________
主语 谓语 先行词 从句
|________________________|
定语从句修饰先行词
[编辑本段](五)关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
[编辑本段](六)判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案:
例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,is后应跟表语,只有the one可以,而后面的you visited a few days ago则做one的定语从句。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose);
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
[编辑本段](七)介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.
This is the reason for which he came late.
[编辑本段](八)先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了,是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词,而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定语从句,先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。
[编辑本段](九)as,which引导的非限制性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。
which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法例
1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;
例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。
一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分
1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如:
My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.
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第1个回答  推荐于2016-01-31
你要是愿意看完 应该能有进步 不行的话你M我 我来跟你说说

who和whom在定语从句中作关系代词时:
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略

关系代名词的用法
1. 什麼叫做关系代名词?
兼有「代名词」与「连接词」等双重作用的代名词,叫做「关系代名词」。
例:I saw the girl who you talked about.
关系代名词?代替名词girl
上例中,who叫做「关系代名词」,因为who代替名词(girl),故含有代名词的作用。再看who,它连接前面的子句(I saw the girl),又连接后面的子句(you talked about),故含有「连接词」的作用。
2. 关系代名词的格
关系代名词分成三格,今将其变化,列表如下:

先行词 主格 所有格 受格
人 who whose whom
动物;事物 which whose (=of which) which
人;动物;事物 that 没有 that
3. 什麼叫做先行词与形容词子句?
(1) 关系代名词所代替的名词或代名词,叫做「先行词(或称前述词))。
例:I saw the girl who you talked about. (我看过你们谈论的那个女孩。)
(先行词) (关系代名词,代替名词girl)
(2) 原则上,关系代名词与先行词须前后紧接在一起,「不可」分开。
例:I saw the girl who you talked about. ……………(O)
(我看过你们谈论的那个女孩。)?girl与who紧接一起。
I saw the girl you talked about who. ……………(X)
(3) 关系代名词所引导的子句,叫做「形容词子句(或称关系子句)」,它用於修饰先行词。
例:I saw the girl who you talked about. (我看过你们谈论的那个女孩。)
名词 形容词子句
4. who, whose, whom的用法
(一)who的用法:
who当主格,前面的先行词接「人」,后面接「动词」,who可用that 代替,形式如下:
形式1 先行词(人)+who(或that)+动词….
例:I like the boy who (that) has short hair.
人 who 动词
(我喜欢留短发的那位男孩。)?who是主格,后接动词has。
☆注意一:who是「主格」关系代名词,在句中「不可」省略。
例:I like the boy who has short hair. ……………(O)
I like the boy has short hair. ……………(X)
(我喜欢留短发的那位男孩。)?who不可省略。
☆注意二:who后面所接的动词,必须和先行词「一致」。
例:I like the boy who has short hair. (我喜欢留短发的那位男孩。)
?先行词是第三人称单数,故取单数动词has,以求一致。
I like the boys who have short hair. (我喜欢留短发的那些男孩。)
?先行词boys是复数,故取复数动词have。
(二)whose(某人的)的用法:
whose当所有格,前面的先行词接「人」,后面须接「名词」,不可用that代替,形式如下:
形式2 先行词(人)+whose+名词 ….
例:The man whose eyes are big is Mr. Wu. (有著大眼睛的那位男士是吴先生。)
人 whose名词
例:I have a friend whose father is a doctor. (我有一位朋友,他的父亲是医生。)
人 whose 名词
(三)whom的用法:
whom当受格,前面的先行词接「人」,后面接含有「及物动词」或「不及物动词+介系词」的子句,可用that代替,形式如下:
形式3 先行词(人)+whom(或that)+主词+及物动词(或不及物动词+介系词)+….
例:The girl whom(that) I like is right there. (我喜欢的那女孩就在那里。)
人 whom 主词 及物动词
例:The man whom(that) you were talking about is my husband. (你在谈论的那位男士是我的丈夫。)
人 whom 主词 不及物动词 介系词
☆注意三:whom是「受格」关系代名词,在句中可「省略」。
例:The girl (whom) I like is right there. (我喜欢的女孩就在那里。)?whom可省略(因当受格)。
☆注意四:whom的前面如有「介系词」,则whom「不可」省略,请比较以下两例:
例:The man (whom) you were talking about is my husband. ?whom可省略,因前面没有介系词。
例:The man about whom you were talking is my husband. ?whom不可省略,因前面出现介系词
about。
☆注意五:whom的前面「没有」介系词时,在「口语」中,whom可用who代替。
例:The girl whom I like is right there. ……………(O)
The girl who I like is right there. ……………(O)

5. which,whose的用法
(一)which的用法
which当主格,前面的先行词接「事物;动物」,后面接「动词」,可用that代替,形式如下:
形式4 先行词(事物;动物)+which(或that)+动词 ….
例:Do you like the cat which(that) is under the chair?(你喜欢椅子下那只猫吗?)
物 which 动词
☆注意一:which如当「主格」关系代名词,在句中「不可」省略。
例:Do you like the cat which is under the chair? ……………(O)?which当主词,不可省略。
Do you like the cat is under the chair? ……………………(X)
(二)whose的用法:
whose(某物的)当所有格,前面的先行词接「事物或动物」,后面接「名词」,可用“of which”代替,但「不可」用that,形式如下:
形式5 先行词(事物;动物)+whose+名词 ….
= 先行词(事物;动物)+名词+of which….
例:The house whose door is red is mine.
物 whose 名词
= The house the door of which is red is mine.
(门是红色的那栋房子是我的。)
(三)which的用法:
which当受格,前面的先行词接「事物;动物」,后面接含有「及物动词」或「不及物动词+介系词」的子句,可用that代替,形式如下:
形式6 先行词(事物;动物)+which(或that)+主词+及物动词(或不及物动词+介系词).
例:Tina enjoys the food which(that) her mother cooks. (蒂娜喜欢她妈妈做的食物。)
物 which 主词 及物V
例:David knows the music which(that) you listen to. (大卫懂你听的音乐。)
物 which 主词 不及物+介系词
☆注意二:which如当「受格」关系代名词。在句中可「省略」。
例:Tina enjoys the food (which) her mother cooks. ?which当受词,可省略。
☆注意三:which的前面如有「介系词」,则which「不可」省略。
例:David knows the music (which) you listen to. ?which可省略,因前面不接介系词。
David knows the music to which you listen. ?which不可省略,因前面接有介系词to。

6. 复合关系代名词what的用法
what在文法上可当复合关系代名词,用以指「事物」,它相当於the thing(s)[先行词]+which[关系代名词],或all that,因为what本身已含有先行词,故在句中,如「没有」先行词出现时,须用复合关系代名词what。
例:This is what I need. ?what=东西;事情
= This is the thing which I need. ?what的前面没有先行词。
(这是我需要的东西。)

7. 关系代名词that的特殊用法
有下列情形者,常用(并非绝对)that。
(一) 先行词前面有「最高级」形容词时,常用that。
例:This is the best movie (that) I have ever seen. ?that是受格,可省略。
(这是我曾经看过最好的电影。)
(二) 先行词是「人and动物」或「人and事物」时,常用that。
例:I saw Tom and his dog that were walking in the park.
人 动物
(我看见汤姆带著他的狗在公园散步。)
(三) 先行词前面有「序数」如the first(第一)…the last(最后)时,常用that。
例:He is the first boy that came this morning. ?that是主格,不可省略。
(他是今天早上最先到的男孩。)
(四) 先行词前面有all(所有),no(没有),every(每一),any(任何),the only(唯一的),the same(同样的),the very(正是)等,常用that。
例:He is the only boy that can do it. ?that是主格,不可省略。
(他是唯一会做这件事的男孩。)
例:He is the very man (that) I met yesterday. ?that是受格,可省略。
(五) 疑问句的开头是who,which,what等,常用that。因为要避免“Who…who…?”或“Which…which…?”的重复。
例:Who is the boy that is wearing glasses? ?that是主格,不可省略。
(戴眼镜的男孩是谁?)
8. 不可使用关系代名词that的场合
(一) 「介系词」如in(或on,at…)后面不可使用关系代名词that。
例:This is the house which(或that) he lives in. …………… (O)
This is the house he lives in. ………………………………(O)
This is the house in which he lives. ………………………(O)
This is the house in that he lives. …………………………(X)
(二) that(那个)如果当「指示形容词」,则前面可接介系词。
例:He lives in that house with his parents. ?that=那个,是指示形容词。
(他跟他的父母住在那栋房子。)
(三) 「逗号」后面不可使用关系代名词that。
例:John, who is your good friend, can help you. ?注意逗点后面,不用that。
(约翰是你的好朋友,他会帮助你。)
(四) 先行词是people(人),those(那些人)时,关系代名词用who,不可使用that。
例:People who can use their time well are happy.
(凡是会善用他们时间的人是快乐的。)
9. 限定的形容词子句与补述的形容词子句之区别
(一) 如果先行词「没有明确」指出,就用限定的形容词子句。它的前面「没有逗点」。
例:My elder brother who is in America will come back to Taiwan tomorrow.
(我在美国的哥哥明天要回到台湾来。)
=>who前面「没有」逗号,是限定用法,意指「哥哥不只一个」。
(二) 如果先行词「已经明确」指出,就用补述的形容词子句。它的前面「有逗点」。
例:My elder brother, who is in America, will come back to Taiwan tomorrow.
(我的哥哥明天要回到台湾来,他现在在美国。)
=>who前面「出现」逗号,是补述用法,意指「哥哥只有一个」。

形容词片语的用法
※ 形容词片语的意义、用法与位置
(一) 介系词片语可由「介系词+名词」结合而成,在文法上当「形容词」用。
(二) 此形容词片语通常放在名词或代名词(如one)的「后面」修饰。
例:I don’t like the cat on the floor. ?形容词片语(on the floor)修饰名词(the cat)。
(我不喜欢地板上的那只猫。)
例:I know the boy in a red jacket. ?形容词片语in a red jacket修饰名词boy。
(我认识穿红色夹克的那位男孩。)
例:Who is the one with big eyes? ?with big eyes修饰代名词one。
= Who is the one who has big eyes?
(有大眼睛的那位是谁?)
(三) 形容词片语和形容词子句一样,都可放在名词的「后面」,加以修饰。有时两者可作代换。
例:We all like the girl in a white dress. ?形容词片语。
= We all like the girl who is wearing a white dress. ?形容词子句。
(我们都喜欢穿著白色洋装的那位女孩。)
作定语的句子就叫作定语从句。定语从句所修饰、限定的词叫先行词。定语从句通常跟在和它发生关系的先行词之后,它与先行词有着不可分割的联系。它通常是由关系代词(who,whom, whose,that,which,as)和关系副词(where,when,why, how)来引导。关系代词、关系副词在从句中需担当成分,但无实际意义。初中阶段我们只要理解who,that,which这几个关系代词所引导的定语从句即可。

1.关系代词who。关系代词who在从句中作主语,它的先行词是指人的名词或代词。例如:

(1)Find the boy who is wearing a red shirt.找出穿红衬衫的那个男孩。(先行词是 the boy)

(2)He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。(先行词是He)

2.关系代词that。关系代词that在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时,that可省略。它的先行词可以是指物的名词或代词,也可以是指人的名词或代词。例如:

(1)She told her mother all that had happened.她把所发生的事情都告诉了她的母亲。(先行词是all,that在从句中作主语)

(2)I'll buy you the bike(that)you saw in the shop yesterday.我要给你买昨天你在商店里看到的那辆自行车。(先行词是the bike, that在从句中作宾语)

(3)The village is no longer the village that it was before.这个村子不再是从前的那个村子了。(先行词是the village,that在从句中作表语)

(4)He that wants to eat the fruit must climb the tree.想吃果子的就得爬树。(先行词是指人的代词he,that在从句中作主语)

3.关系代词which。关系代词 which在从句中作主语或宾语,其先行词是指物的名词或代词。例如:

(1)They first went to a large room which looked like a shop.他们首先到一个很大的看起来像个商店的房间去了。(先行词是指物的名词a large room, which在句中作主语)

(2)Have you got anything which you'd like to buy?你有想要买的东西吗?(先行词是指物的代词anything,which在从句中作宾语)

1 which +动词或者主词
which当主格,前面的先行词接「事物;动物」,后面接「动词」,可用that代替,形式如下:
形式4 先行词(事物;动物)+which(或that)+动词 ….
例:Do you like the cat which(that) is under the chair?(你喜欢椅子下那只猫吗?)

2 whose +名词

例:The house whose door is red is mine.
物 whose 名词
= The house the door of which is red is mine.

3 whom + 主词

4 who +作主语接动词本回答被提问者采纳
第2个回答  2009-11-13
你要是愿意看完 应该能有进步 不行的话你M我 我来跟你说说

who和whom在定语从句中作关系代词时:
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略

关系代名词的用法
1. 什麼叫做关系代名词?
兼有「代名词」与「连接词」等双重作用的代名词,叫做「关系代名词」。
例:I saw the girl who you talked about.
关系代名词?代替名词girl
上例中,who叫做「关系代名词」,因为who代替名词(girl),故含有代名词的作用。再看who,它连接前面的子句(I saw the girl),又连接后面的子句(you talked about),故含有「连接词」的作用。
2. 关系代名词的格
关系代名词分成三格,今将其变化,列表如下:

先行词 主格 所有格 受格
人 who whose whom
动物;事物 which whose (=of which) which
人;动物;事物 that 没有 that
3. 什麼叫做先行词与形容词子句?
(1) 关系代名词所代替的名词或代名词,叫做「先行词(或称前述词))。
例:I saw the girl who you talked about. (我看过你们谈论的那个女孩。)
(先行词) (关系代名词,代替名词girl)
(2) 原则上,关系代名词与先行词须前后紧接在一起,「不可」分开。
例:I saw the girl who you talked about. ……………(O)
(我看过你们谈论的那个女孩。)?girl与who紧接一起。
I saw the girl you talked about who. ……………(X)
(3) 关系代名词所引导的子句,叫做「形容词子句(或称关系子句)」,它用於修饰先行词。
例:I saw the girl who you talked about. (我看过你们谈论的那个女孩。)
名词 形容词子句
4. who, whose, whom的用法
(一)who的用法:
who当主格,前面的先行词接「人」,后面接「动词」,who可用that 代替,形式如下:
形式1 先行词(人)+who(或that)+动词….
例:I like the boy who (that) has short hair.
人 who 动词
(我喜欢留短发的那位男孩。)?who是主格,后接动词has。
☆注意一:who是「主格」关系代名词,在句中「不可」省略。
例:I like the boy who has short hair. ……………(O)
I like the boy has short hair. ……………(X)
(我喜欢留短发的那位男孩。)?who不可省略。
☆注意二:who后面所接的动词,必须和先行词「一致」。
例:I like the boy who has short hair. (我喜欢留短发的那位男孩。)
?先行词是第三人称单数,故取单数动词has,以求一致。
I like the boys who have short hair. (我喜欢留短发的那些男孩。)
?先行词boys是复数,故取复数动词have。
(二)whose(某人的)的用法:
whose当所有格,前面的先行词接「人」,后面须接「名词」,不可用that代替,形式如下:
形式2 先行词(人)+whose+名词 ….
例:The man whose eyes are big is Mr. Wu. (有著大眼睛的那位男士是吴先生。)
人 whose名词
例:I have a friend whose father is a doctor. (我有一位朋友,他的父亲是医生。)
人 whose 名词
(三)whom的用法:
whom当受格,前面的先行词接「人」,后面接含有「及物动词」或「不及物动词+介系词」的子句,可用that代替,形式如下:
形式3 先行词(人)+whom(或that)+主词+及物动词(或不及物动词+介系词)+….
例:The girl whom(that) I like is right there. (我喜欢的那女孩就在那里。)
人 whom 主词 及物动词
例:The man whom(that) you were talking about is my husband. (你在谈论的那位男士是我的丈夫。)
人 whom 主词 不及物动词 介系词
☆注意三:whom是「受格」关系代名词,在句中可「省略」。
例:The girl (whom) I like is right there. (我喜欢的女孩就在那里。)?whom可省略(因当受格)。
☆注意四:whom的前面如有「介系词」,则whom「不可」省略,请比较以下两例:
例:The man (whom) you were talking about is my husband. ?whom可省略,因前面没有介系词。
例:The man about whom you were talking is my husband. ?whom不可省略,因前面出现介系词
about。
☆注意五:whom的前面「没有」介系词时,在「口语」中,whom可用who代替。
例:The girl whom I like is right there. ……………(O)
The girl who I like is right there. ……………(O)

5. which,whose的用法
(一)which的用法
which当主格,前面的先行词接「事物;动物」,后面接「动词」,可用that代替,形式如下:
形式4 先行词(事物;动物)+which(或that)+动词 ….
例:Do you like the cat which(that) is under the chair?(你喜欢椅子下那只猫吗?)
物 which 动词
☆注意一:which如当「主格」关系代名词,在句中「不可」省略。
例:Do you like the cat which is under the chair? ……………(O)?which当主词,不可省略。
Do you like the cat is under the chair? ……………………(X)
(二)whose的用法:
whose(某物的)当所有格,前面的先行词接「事物或动物」,后面接「名词」,可用“of which”代替,但「不可」用that,形式如下:
形式5 先行词(事物;动物)+whose+名词 ….
= 先行词(事物;动物)+名词+of which….
例:The house whose door is red is mine.
物 whose 名词
= The house the door of which is red is mine.
(门是红色的那栋房子是我的。)
(三)which的用法:
which当受格,前面的先行词接「事物;动物」,后面接含有「及物动词」或「不及物动词+介系词」的子句,可用that代替,形式如下:
形式6 先行词(事物;动物)+which(或that)+主词+及物动词(或不及物动词+介系词).
例:Tina enjoys the food which(that) her mother cooks. (蒂娜喜欢她妈妈做的食物。)
物 which 主词 及物V
例:David knows the music which(that) you listen to. (大卫懂你听的音乐。)
物 which 主词 不及物+介系词
☆注意二:which如当「受格」关系代名词。在句中可「省略」。
例:Tina enjoys the food (which) her mother cooks. ?which当受词,可省略。
☆注意三:which的前面如有「介系词」,则which「不可」省略。
例:David knows the music (which) you listen to. ?which可省略,因前面不接介系词。
David knows the music to which you listen. ?which不可省略,因前面接有介系词to。

6. 复合关系代名词what的用法
what在文法上可当复合关系代名词,用以指「事物」,它相当於the thing(s)[先行词]+which[关系代名词],或all that,因为what本身已含有先行词,故在句中,如「没有」先行词出现时,须用复合关系代名词what。
例:This is what I need. ?what=东西;事情
= This is the thing which I need. ?what的前面没有先行词。
(这是我需要的东西。)

7. 关系代名词that的特殊用法
有下列情形者,常用(并非绝对)that。
(一) 先行词前面有「最高级」形容词时,常用that。
例:This is the best movie (that) I have ever seen. ?that是受格,可省略。
(这是我曾经看过最好的电影。)
(二) 先行词是「人and动物」或「人and事物」时,常用that。
例:I saw Tom and his dog that were walking in the park.
人 动物
(我看见汤姆带著他的狗在公园散步。)
(三) 先行词前面有「序数」如the first(第一)…the last(最后)时,常用that。
例:He is the first boy that came this morning. ?that是主格,不可省略。
(他是今天早上最先到的男孩。)
(四) 先行词前面有all(所有),no(没有),every(每一),any(任何),the only(唯一的),the same(同样的),the very(正是)等,常用that。
例:He is the only boy that can do it. ?that是主格,不可省略。
(他是唯一会做这件事的男孩。)
例:He is the very man (that) I met yesterday. ?that是受格,可省略。
(五) 疑问句的开头是who,which,what等,常用that。因为要避免“Who…who…?”或“Which…which…?”的重复。
例:Who is the boy that is wearing glasses? ?that是主格,不可省略。
(戴眼镜的男孩是谁?)
8. 不可使用关系代名词that的场合
(一) 「介系词」如in(或on,at…)后面不可使用关系代名词that。
例:This is the house which(或that) he lives in. …………… (O)
This is the house he lives in. ………………………………(O)
This is the house in which he lives. ………………………(O)
This is the house in that he lives. …………………………(X)
(二) that(那个)如果当「指示形容词」,则前面可接介系词。
例:He lives in that house with his parents. ?that=那个,是指示形容词。
(他跟他的父母住在那栋房子。)
(三) 「逗号」后面不可使用关系代名词that。
例:John, who is your good friend, can help you. ?注意逗点后面,不用that。
(约翰是你的好朋友,他会帮助你。)
(四) 先行词是people(人),those(那些人)时,关系代名词用who,不可使用that。
例:People who can use their time well are happy.
(凡是会善用他们时间的人是快乐的。)
9. 限定的形容词子句与补述的形容词子句之区别
(一) 如果先行词「没有明确」指出,就用限定的形容词子句。它的前面「没有逗点」。
例:My elder brother who is in America will come back to Taiwan tomorrow.
(我在美国的哥哥明天要回到台湾来。)
=>who前面「没有」逗号,是限定用法,意指「哥哥不只一个」。
(二) 如果先行词「已经明确」指出,就用补述的形容词子句。它的前面「有逗点」。
例:My elder brother, who is in America, will come back to Taiwan tomorrow.
(我的哥哥明天要回到台湾来,他现在在美国。)
=>who前面「出现」逗号,是补述用法,意指「哥哥只有一个」。

形容词片语的用法
※ 形容词片语的意义、用法与位置
(一) 介系词片语可由「介系词+名词」结合而成,在文法上当「形容词」用。
(二) 此形容词片语通常放在名词或代名词(如one)的「后面」修饰。
例:I don’t like the cat on the floor. ?形容词片语(on the floor)修饰名词(the cat)。
(我不喜欢地板上的那只猫。)
例:I know the boy in a red jacket. ?形容词片语in a red jacket修饰名词boy。
(我认识穿红色夹克的那位男孩。)
例:Who is the one with big eyes? ?with big eyes修饰代名词one。
= Who is the one who has big eyes?
(有大眼睛的那位是谁?)
(三) 形容词片语和形容词子句一样,都可放在名词的「后面」,加以修饰。有时两者可作代换。
例:We all like the girl in a white dress. ?形容词片语。
= We all like the girl who is wearing a white dress. ?形容词子句。
(我们都喜欢穿著白色洋装的那位女孩。)
作定语的句子就叫作定语从句。定语从句所修饰、限定的词叫先行词。定语从句通常跟在和它发生关系的先行词之后,它与先行词有着不可分割的联系。它通常是由关系代词(who,whom, whose,that,which,as)和关系副词(where,when,why, how)来引导。关系代词、关系副词在从句中需担当成分,但无实际意义。初中阶段我们只要理解who,that,which这几个关系代词所引导的定语从句即可。

1.关系代词who。关系代词who在从句中作主语,它的先行词是指人的名词或代词。例如:

(1)Find the boy who is wearing a red shirt.找出穿红衬衫的那个男孩。(先行词是 the boy)

(2)He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。(先行词是He)

2.关系代词that。关系代词that在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时,that可省略。它的先行词可以是指物的名词或代词,也可以是指人的名词或代词。例如:

(1)She told her mother all that had happened.她把所发生的事情都告诉了她的母亲。(先行词是all,that在从句中作主语)

(2)I'll buy you the bike(that)you saw in the shop yesterday.我要给你买昨天你在商店里看到的那辆自行车。(先行词是the bike, that在从句中作宾语)

(3)The village is no longer the village that it was before.这个村子不再是从前的那个村子了。(先行词是the village,that在从句中作表语)

(4)He that wants to eat the fruit must climb the tree.想吃果子的就得爬树。(先行词是指人的代词he,that在从句中作主语)

3.关系代词which。关系代词 which在从句中作主语或宾语,其先行词是指物的名词或代词。例如:

(1)They first went to a large room which looked like a shop.他们首先到一个很大的看起来像个商店的房间去了。(先行词是指物的名词a large room, which在句中作主语)

(2)Have you got anything which you'd like to buy?你有想要买的东西吗?(先行词是指物的代词anything,which在从句中作宾语)

1 which +动词或者主词
which当主格,前面的先行词接「事物;动物」,后面接「动词」,可用that代替,形式如下:
形式4 先行词(事物;动物)+which(或that)+动词 ….
例:Do you like the cat which(that) is under the chair?(你喜欢椅子下那只猫吗?)

2 whose +名词

例:The house whose door is red is mine.
物 whose 名词
= The house the door of which is red is mine.

3 whom + 主词

4 who +作主语接动词

从你的语句中,我看出你心好像不是很静。
只要耐心些,看网上的知识点,看不懂或者无耐心,就去找题做,做错了就找原因,再不会就去问老师。
这是我的学习方法,希望你受用!
附:英语一点也不难,上课认真听,多记背笔记,积累,终将学有所成!
第3个回答  2009-11-13
从你的语句中,我看出你心好像不是很静。
只要耐心些,看网上的知识点,看不懂或者无耐心,就去找题做,做错了就找原因,再不会就去问老师。
这是我的学习方法,希望你受用!
附:英语一点也不难,上课认真听,多记背笔记,积累,终将学有所成!
第4个回答  2009-11-16
劝你一句,去买本语法书好好钻研
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