当动词带有双宾语时,将其转换为被动语态,会产生几种特殊形式。首先,一些动词如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等,其被动形式中,可以将间接宾语(通常是人)转化为主语,而保留直接宾语(指事物)。例如:
原句:He gave her some money. 变为:She was given some money.
或者,直接宾语也可转换为主语,间接宾语以介词to或for引导:Some money was given to him.
其次,像bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write这样的动词,通常直接宾语为主语,间接宾语用作保留宾语,有时会搭配介词:
原句:Father made me a doll. 变为:A doll was made for me.
再者,answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等动词的被动语态,通常是间接宾语为主语,直接宾语保留:
原句:He answered me that question. 变为:I was answered that question by him.
每种动词的被动结构具体应用时,需根据其惯用搭配来决定保留宾语还是转换形式。
双宾动词,全程双宾语动词。指的是该词后面可跟两个宾语。常见的双宾语动词 award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell,bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write,answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare