have和had有什么区别?

如题所述

不同:

一、构成:


have加过去分词是谓语动词现在完成时的形式;


had加过去分词是谓语动词过去完成时的形式;

二、用法:

have加过去分词表示动作发生在过去对现在的影响

had加过去分词是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。

三、常用时间状语:

have加过去分词

1、表示到现在为止:already ,yet ,just ,ever, never ,before ,since ,so far, until now ,by now ,up to now.


2、表示最近:recentl,lately in the past/last few years


3、包含现在在内的时间状语:this morning/afternoon,all the  year ,all day 

had加过去分词

分两种情况:

由时间状语来判定

与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:   

1、如:I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.  

2、如:We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.   

3、 before + 过去的时间点。

如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday

由“过去的过去”来判定。 

1、当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

如:She said that she had seen the film before.   

2、状语从句中   

在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。

如:After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.   

注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。

如:After he closed the door, he left the classroom.   

3、表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"

如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

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