1、时间状语
常用引导词:when,as,while,before,after,since,not...until,until/till 等
特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant( 瞬间,顷刻), immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when , scarcely … when(刚...就.../一...就...),as soon as(一…就…)。
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
直到我成为了一个成年人我才意识到我的母亲是多么的特殊。
2、地点状语
常用引导词:where
特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
一般来说,有工厂的地方空气污染就严重。
3、原因状语
常用引导词:because, since, as,
特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
我的朋友都不喜欢我,因为我又英俊又成功。
4、条件状语
常用引导词:if, unless,whether(whether...or not)
特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case(美语中表条件,英语中表目的), on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
如果总统同意,我们将开始我们的项目。
5、目的状语
常用引导词:so that, in order that
特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose of , to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
老板要求秘书快写函件以便他能在上面签字。
6、让步状语
常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while (一般用在句首),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他, 但是我却不同意他的建议。
7、比较状语
常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:the more … the more …(越来...越...) ; just as …, so…; A is to B what/as X is to Y; no … more than; not so much A as B,the 比较级 ,the 比较级.
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
她和她妈妈一样脾气很坏。
8、方式状语
常用引导词:as, as if
特殊引导词:the way
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入国问禁,入乡随俗。
9、结果状语
常用引导词:so … that, such … that, so that...
特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
他很早起床以便赶上第一班公共汽车
状语是句子的一个重要修饰成分,英语中的状语按其句法功能可分为三大类:修饰性状语、评注性状语、和连接性状语。
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