that which where who whom 怎么用???分不清

in which 和where 怎么分?? 我根本判断不出 请各位说的详细点

一、 限制性定语从句的常见引导词

1. 以关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as引导。如:

Here is a letter from Mr. Li who wants a job in Xi'an. 这里有李先生的来信,他想在西安找份工作。

2. 以关系副词where, when, why, how引导。如:

This is the house where I once lived two years ago.这是我两年前曾住过的房子。

二、 非限制性定语从句的常见引导词

1. 以关系代词which,as引导。如:

Father came back on May 12, which was my birthday. 父亲是五月十二日回来的,这一天是我的生日。

_______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 大家都知道,月球每月绕地球转一圈。(NMET 2001,34 )

A. It B. As C. That D. What (答案:B )

as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句,有时可以互换。如:

He failed in the experiment, as (which) was natural. 很自然,他在实验中失败了。

但他们还是有区别的,as作为关系代词引导限制性定语从句:

①一般用于such+ n.+ as或the same+ n.+ as或(as)... as结构;as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。如:

Such a book as you described should not be published at all. 像你描述的那样的书不应该出版。

This is the same watch as I bought last week. 这块手表和我上周买的那块相似。

②as作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语,用来说明整个主句的意思,从句的位置可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后,还可夹在主句之间。如:

As is known to all, the earth travels round the sun.大家都知道地球围绕太阳转。

This elephant, as anybody can see, is like a snake.任何人都能看出这头大象像蛇。

③关系代词which也可指代整个主句,但是引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。如:

He made great progress this term and won the first prize in the exam, which made us surprised. 他这学期取得了很大进步,并且在这次考试中获得一等奖,这使我们吃惊。

④当定语从句位于主句之后时,如关系代词作主语,而且定语从句用的是主谓结构或主谓宾加宾补结构,此时多用which。如:

He cheated in the exam, which made his teacher very angry. 他在考试中作弊,这使他的老师很生气。

2.名词(代词)+of which (whom) 引导。如:

这种结构在定语从句中作定语,相似于“whose+名词”。

She lives in the room , the door of which (whose door) faces south. 她住在那个窗户朝南的房间里。

3.不定代词、数词或形容词最高级+of which (whom)引导。

这种结构通常在从句中作主语,表示整体中的一部分。其中常用的不定代词有:all, none, both, neither, some, any, most等;数词既可用基数词和序数词,也可用分数和百分数词。如:

There are 20 girl students here, none of whom likes physics.这里有20个女学生,他们当中没有人喜欢物理。

He lent me some books, four of which were very interesting. 他借给我一些书,其中四本非常有趣。

4. 介词+形容词关系代词which引导。

这种结构中,which作前置定语,修饰后面的名词。如:

He visited England and France, in which countries, he had a wonderful time.他游览了英国和法国,在这两个国家他玩得很开心。

5.介词+which (whom) 引导。

这一结构在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式等状语。如:

①He decided to look for a cave, in which he could hide if a hurricane came.他决定找一个山洞,如果飓风来了,他可以在那里躲藏。

②The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. 西湖是个美丽的地方,杭州因此而闻名。

③There is a tall tree outside, under which stand some boys. 外面有棵大树,树下站着一些男孩。

注意这种结构中的介词主要是根据三个方面来选择的:一是先行词,如第一句;二是定语从句中的谓语动词和形容词,如第二句;三是根据意思,如最后一句。
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第1个回答  2013-12-20
在定语从句中,关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,但在下列情况下值得注意:
一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who (whom)。
(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who (whom)。
(3) 当先行词为people和those时,只能用who (whom)。
(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时,只能用who (whom)。
(5) 先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who。
(6) 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who (whom)。
(7) 当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时,若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么,另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。
二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形
(1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that。
(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容词修饰时,引导词只能用that。
(3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,引导词只能用that。
在定语从句中,关系代词which和 that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意:
A. 只能用that而不能用which的情形
(1) 当先行词为:all, little, few, much, none 及 some-, any-, no-, every- 与 thing 所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。
(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。
(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。
(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。
(5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,只能用that。如:

This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。

(6) 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时,只能用that。如:

Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天画的那张画是哪一张?

B. 只能用which而不能用that的情形

(1) 当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时,只能用which。如:

The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那个铅笔盒,我上周买的,现在不见了。

(2) 关系代词前面有介词时,只能用which。如:

The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍刀了。

(3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能用which。如:

I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太贵的那一个。

whose
关系代词在从句中作定语表示所属关系,先行词是人,表示“先行词这个人的…”,用whose;先行词是事物,表示“先行词这个事物的…”,用whose…或the…of which或of which…都可以。 I
第2个回答  2013-12-20
where为副词不要介词which为名词要介词
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