定语从句中who和that的区别

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解

在定语从句中，关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：

一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形

(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom)。如：

My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在国外学习，就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。

(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who (whom)。如：

Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？

(3) 当先行词为people和those时，只能用who (whom)。如：

Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。

(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，只能用who (whom)。如：

Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。

(5) 先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如：

The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。

(6) 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who (whom)。如：

There are students in our class who / whom you have met. 我们班有些学生你见过。

(7) 当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如：

The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university. 刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。

二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形

(1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：

The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。

(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：

He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生

(3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，引导词只能用that。如：

Who is woman that you talked with just now? 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁？

(4) the same as 与 the same that

the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：

She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含：她偷了我的上衣)

She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)

Answer 2

定语从句的关系代词 who 和 that 的区别在于对被修饰词的适用范畴。
who 仅用于被修饰的名词或代词为人或者拟人化的动物；that 则是“通用型”关系代词，用于人、动物或事物，包括抽象名词。需要注意的是，用于非限定性定语从句的关系代词不用that。修饰人或拟人化名词只能用 who，修饰其它事物名词要用 which。例：
He knows the visitors who/that came yesterday. （都用于指代人）
I have read all the books that have been highly recommended lately. （指代事物性名词）
Our child, who is gifted, did well on the test. （非限定性定语从句，指代人，只能用 who）
The tiger has recently made friends with a bear and gaot, who/which came from far away. （拟人化动物名词，非限定性定语从句，可用 who，但不能用 that）
This is a good video for all viewers, which is on our teacher's recommendation list. （非限定性定语从句，指代物，只能用 which）

Answer 3

定语从句中that与who的用法区别 ：
1. 两者均可指人，有时可互换（包括当先行词为 all, anyone, someone等，同时也包括先行词受the only等的修饰时）：
All that [who] heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。
He is the only one among us that [who] knows Russian.他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。 Anyone who [that] is over sixteen is allowed in. 任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。
It is impolite to turn your back on someone who [that] is speaking to you. 人家跟你说话，你把背朝人是不礼貌的。
2. 但是在下列情况，通常要用 that：
①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时：
I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。 ②当先行词是who时(为避免重复)：
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯？ ③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)：
Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。 3. 但是在下列情况，通常要用 who：
当先行词为 those 且指人时，英语习惯上要用 who 来引导定语从句。如： Those who do not wish to go need not go. 不愿去的人不需要去。
Those who couldn’t walk were carried on stretchers. 那些不能走的人都用担架抬着。 It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。
Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。
The plan was supported by those who wished to listen to more good English. 这计划受到想多听好英语的人的支持。
Let us spend a few moments in silence so that / in order that we remember those who died to preserve our freedom. 让我们默哀片刻，以缅怀那些为维护我们的自由而牺牲了的人们。
注：偶尔也可见到在 who 之后用 that 引导定语从句的用例，但相当少见。如：
The danger is that people who pay their bills on time will be lumped in with those that don’t. 危险的是那些及时付账的人将会同那些不及时付账的人混在一起。

Answer 4

定语从句中
that与who的用法区别

1.
两者均可指人,有时可互换（包括当先行词为

all,
anyone,
someone
等,同时也包括先行词受the only等的修饰时）：

All that [who] heard him were delighted.
所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴.

He is the only one among us that [who] knows Russian.
他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人.

Anyone who [that] is over sixteen is allowed in.
任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去.

It is impolite to turn your back on someone who [that] is speaking to you.
人家跟你说话,你把背朝人是不礼貌
的.

2.
但是在下列情况,通常要用
that：

①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时：

I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad.
我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告.

②当先行词是
who
时为避免重复

Answer 5

在下列情况下多用或须用who
1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who, 如：
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
The men who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer.
2. 先行词为those和people时多用who,如：
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.
3. 先行词为all, anyone, one, ones指人时多用who,如：
All who heard the news were amazed.
Anyone who refused to bow was thrown into prison.
One who doesn’t work hard will never be happy.
4. 在以there be开头的句子中多用who,如：
There is a stranger who wants to see you.
5. 在非限制性定语从句中须用who,如：
Tom, who was killed last week, was born in England.
6. 一个句子带有两个定语从句，其中的一个从句的关系代词是who, 另一个是that. 如：
The students who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
但如先行词后接两个以上的并列的定语从句，后一个定语从句须重复前一个关系代词，以免产生误解。如:
There is a teacher who presents the material in the most interesting way and who enjoys what he teaches.
在下列情况下多用that
1. 若先行词前有序数词，形容词最高级，the last, same或only修饰时多用that,如：
The first person (that) I visited there was Mr Green.
He is the last man (that) I want to see.
He is the finest comrade (that) I have ever worked with.
2. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句须用that, 以免与先行词重复。如：
Who that has common sense will do such a thing?
Which one of us that knows something about physics does not know this?
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
3. 若先行词兼指人与物时须用that,如：
He talked about the teacher and schools that he had visited.
4. 若关系代词在从句中作表语须用that,如：
He is not the man that he used to be.