关系代词:
关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。
关系代词有主格,宾格和属格(所有格)之分,并有指人与指物之分。that的用法最广,that 可指人也可指物。具体有哪些见表:
关系副词:
关系副词,兼有副词与连接词两种作用,在不及物动词的连接中要求用关系副词。所引导的形容词子句用于修饰主要子句中的某一名词或代名词,被修饰的词称作先行词,关系副词要放在先行词之后。例如:关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语,表示时间,用以修饰表示时间的先行词。
关系副词主要有三个,即when,where,why。
关系代词和关系副词的区别:
1、关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
例1:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who / that在从句中作主语,指人);
例2:He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom / that在从句中作宾语,指人);
例3:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken
down.(whose在句中作定语,指人);
例4: Please pass me the book whose cover is green.(whose在句中作定语,指物。);
2、关系副词(when, where, why,)可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where,
why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
例1:Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
例2: Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
例3: His father died the year (when / in which) he was born.
例4:He can’t find the place (where / in which) he lived forty years ago.