IEEE 802.15.4: IEEE 802.15.4 is the proposed standard for low rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN's).IEEE 802.15.4 focuses on low cost of deployment, low complexity, and low power consumption.IEEE 802.15.4 is designed for wireless sensor applications that require short range communication to maximize battery life. The standard allows the formation of the star and peer-to-peer topology for communication between network devices. Devices in the star topology communicate with a central controller while in the peer-to-peer topology ad hoc and self-configuring networks can be formed. IEEE 802.15.4 devices are designed to support the physical and data-link layer protocols. The physical layer supports 868/915 MHz low bands and 2.4 GHz high bands. The MAC layer controls access to the radio channel using the CSMA-CA mechanism. The MAC layer is also responsible for validating frames, frame delivery, network interface, network synchronization, device association, and secure services. Wireless sensor applications using IEEE 802.15.4 include residential, industrial, and environment monitoring, control and automation.