新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解（一）
【语法聚焦】
一般现在时 The Simple Present Tense
一般现在时表示现在的状态
He is twelve. 他十二岁。
They are at home. 他们在家。
表示经常性或习惯性的动作
I go to school at seven every day.
He plays soccer on Sundays.
表示主语具备的性格和能力等
She likes apples.
They speak Japanese.
She is medium build.
肯定式
I am a cleaner.
You are right.
He / She / It is here.
We / You / They are outgoing
否定式
I am not a…
You are not…
He / She / It is not…
We / You / They are not…
否定式和疑问式
We go to school at seven every day.
We don’t go to school at seven.
Do you go to school at seven?
Yes, we do.（No, we don’t.）
否定式和疑问式
He goes to school at seven every day.
He doesn’t go to school at seven.
Does he go to school at seven?
Yes, he does.(No, he doesn’t.)
一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用。
如：
often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。
1. I often read books in the evening
2. Do they usually go to school by bike?
3. He doesn’t like milk. He never drinks it.
4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.
一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用。
如：
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,every day,on Sunday(s), at seven 等。
Do they have math in the morning?
She sleeps nine hours every night.
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.
They don’t have classes on Sundays.
动词第三人称单数的构成：
1、直接加--s
look—looks read—reads
play—plays stop—stops
2. 在字母s, x,ch,sh,o后加--es
miss—misses fix—fixes
watch—watches wash—washes
go—goes do--does
3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词去y为i，再加--es
carry – carries study – studies
hurry – hurries cry – cries
4.特殊的
have -- has
新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解（二）
【语法聚焦】
看病需要和医生交流，这是英语口语中必不可少的内容。从医生询问病情，病人诉说病情，到医生检查、诊断和医嘱，这些环节最常用的语句，同学们必须掌握。
一、医生询问病情的常用语句：
1. What's wrong/the matter (with you)? 你怎么了？
What's your trouble, young man? 年轻人, 你哪里不舒服?
When did it start? 从何时开始生病的？
2. How are you (feeling) now? 你现在觉得怎么样?
Are you feeling better today? 你今天好些了吗?
3. Have you got a headache/a cough? 你头痛/咳嗽吗?
4. When did you feel unwell? 你什么时候觉得不舒服的?
5. When did the pain start? 疼痛何时开始的?
6. Did you sleep well? 你睡得好吗?
Do you feel tired? 你觉得疲劳吗?
7. How long have you been like this? 你像这样有多久了?
8. Did you eat anything for breakfast? 你早饭吃了什么没有?
二、病人诉说病情的常用语句：
1. I don't feel very well. / I'm not feeling well. 我感到不舒服。
2. I have (got) a headache. 我头痛。
I have a sore throat. 我嗓子痛。
I have a backache. / I have a pain in my back. 我后背痛。
There's something wrong with my leg. 我的腿有毛病了。
3. I feel terrible. 我感到很难受。
I feel even worse. 我感到情况更糟了.
4. I don't feel like eating anything. 我什么都不想吃.
5. I dream too much. 我的梦特别多.
I can't fall / be asleep in the evening. 晚上我睡不着.
6. It began two days ago. 两天前开始的.
7. I don't feel any better now. 我感觉没有什么好转.
8. I had noodles for lunch today. 今天午饭我吃的是面条.
三、医生检查、诊断和治疗的常用语句:
1. Open your mouth and say "Ah---'. 张嘴说 "啊---- ".
2. Let me take your temperature. 让我给你量量体温.
3. There's nothing much wrong / serious with you. 你没什么大问题.
4. You have got a bad cold. 你患了重感冒.
5. You have to be in hospital. 你得住院.
6. You'd better stay in bed for a few days. 你最好卧床几天.
You'd better not eat too much sugar. 你最好别吃太多的糖.
Eat less food and take more exercise. If you do that, you'll feel much healthier.
少吃些,多锻炼,不久你的身体就会健康得多.
Drink more water. 多喝水.
You should drink a lot of water. 你应该多喝水。
Have a good rest. 好好休息.
7. Take one of these pills twice a day. 这些药每次服一片,每天两次.
Take the medicine after meals. 饭后服药.
8. You'll soon be all right. 你很快就会康复的.
I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快就会好起来。
Try to relax before you go to sleep. 睡觉前尽量放松一下。
新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解（三）
【语法聚焦】
一、用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，例如：
1. What are you doing for vacation? 你假期准备干什么？
I'm visiting my grandmother. 我准备去看我的奶奶。
When are you going? 你想什么时候去？
What's she doing for vacation? 她假期准备干什么？
She is going camping. 她打算去野营。
What are they doing for vacation? 他们假期准备干什么？
They are relaxing at home. 他们打算在家里放松一下。
2.还有一些动词的现在进行时形式表示将要发生的动作：
leave, come, stay，hike等。
例如：
1) My father is leaving for Shanghai next week.
我父亲下周要动身去上海。
2) A: Mary! Supper is ready. 玛丽！晚饭好了。
B: I'm coming, mum. 妈妈，我马上就来。
3) A: What are you doing for vacation? 你假期准备干什么？
B: I'm going hiking in the mountains. 我准备去山里远足。
4) I'm staying home to do my homework next Sunday.
下个星期天我准备待在家里做作业。
二、课文注释
1. go fishing 去钓鱼
同样的用法还有：
go shopping 去购物
新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解（四）
【语法聚焦】
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth.花费某人某些时间去做某事； 例如：
It took the people a lot of time to get to the mountain.
人们花了很多时间才到了那座大山。
It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.
每天早晨我步行到学校要花费二十分钟。
It will take three hours to finish the work.
完成那项工作需要花费三个小时。
2.动词take还有其他词义；例如：
1)得到；获得
You have to take it as you find it.
对这个你只得将就些算了。
2)拿；握住；抓住
The mother took her child by the hand.
母亲拉着孩子的手。
3)取走，拿走
Take this shopping home.
把这件买的东西拿回家。
The foods here are all free - take any you like.
这里的食品都是免费的,你们随便吃吧。
Who has taken my chocolate?
谁拿了我的巧克力？
4)乘，坐，搭（车、船）
Shall we go by bus or take a cab?
我们是乘公共汽车去还是乘出租汽车去?
to take a bus to work
乘公共汽车上班
5)吃；喝；服用；吸入
Take your medicine. 把药服下。
6)进行；作；为
to take a walk 散步
If you don't take / get more exercise you'll get fat.
新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解（五）
1. have to与情态动词的区别
情态动词不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形一起构成谓语，have to也是这样。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而且所用的时态也受到一定的限制，但是have to有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态中，在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，要用has to,其余人称用have to；一般过去时中用had to；一般将来时中用will have to,例如：
She has to go to school by bus.
她不得不乘公共汽车去上学。
If you get ill, you'll have to see the doctor.
如果你生病的话，你就得看医生。
2. have to与must的区别
have to和must都有“必须”的意思，那么它们有哪些不同呢？
(1)含义和用法上的区别：
have to强调客观上需要做某事，即表示外界条件的需要不得不做某事，含有“形势逼迫”的意味；must强调说话者主观上认为必须做某事，含有“主观判断”的意味，例如：
My bike was broken on my way to school. I had to walk there.
我的自行车在上学的路上坏了，我不得不走路去上学。
（我本来不愿意走路，可是自行车坏了，不想走路也不行。）
We must learn English well.
我们必须学好英语。（主观上有这种想法。）
(2)否定式的区别：
have to的否定式意为“不必”，must的否定式意为“禁止；不允许”。因此，以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答为“Yes,主语+must”，否定回答为“No,主语+needn't / don't have to”。例如：
---Must I finish the homework now?我必须现在完成作业吗？
---Yes, you must. (No, you needn't / don't have to)是的，你必须现在完成。（不，你不必。）
3.反意疑问句的构成区别：
(1)陈述部分含有have to时，其附加问句的谓语往往用助动词do的相应形式或助动词will。例如：
You had to go shopping yesterday, didn't you?
昨天你不得不去购物，是吗？
(2)陈述部分含有must时，其附加问句的谓语，按下面几种情况来确定：
A. must意为“必须”时，附加问句谓语用needn't。例如：
We must clean the room, needn't we?我们必须打扫房间，是吗？
B. mustn't意为“禁止”之意，附加问句谓语用must。例如：
The boy mustn't play with the knife, must he?
那个男孩不能玩刀子，对吗？
C. must意为“应该”时，附加问句谓语用mustn't。例如：
We must help each other, mustn't we?我们应该互相帮助，对吗？
D. must意为“一定；想必”表示推测时，附加问句部分谓语要根据must后面的动词来确定。例如：
Mr Wang must be at home, isn't he?王先生一定在家，对吗？
注：
must表示的是一种相当肯定的与事实非常接近的推测。例如：
Mr Wang must be at home.其实就相当于Mr Wang is at home.
因此，它的反意疑问句的附加问句部分是isn't he也就很容易理解了。
又如：They must be right, aren't they?
新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解（六）
1) 形容词的作用
形容词在句子中一般充当表语、定语和宾语补足语，如：
Our school looks very beautiful. (表语)
There are fifty students in our class, so we need a big classroom. (定语)
Doing morning exercises can make us healthy. (宾语补足语)
2) 形容词的级别
形容词有三种级别，即原级、比较级和最高级。当讨论的对象是一个时应使用原级，当讨论的对象是两个时应使用比较级，当讨论的对象在三个或更多时应使用最高级。
在形容词原级后面加上er就成为比较级，在原级后加上est就成为最高级。一般的单音节形容词直接加er或est，词尾是不发音字母e的只加r或st，重读闭音节应双写词尾辅音字母再加er或est，如：
long—longer—longest，
nice—nicer—nicest，
big—bigger—biggest。
以辅音字母加y为结尾的双音节形容词应将y改为i再加上er或est，如：
early—earlier—earliest，
dirty—dirtier—dirtiest，
busy—busier—busiest。
多音节的形容词比较级应在前面加上more，最高级应在前面加上most， 如：
important—more important—most important，
difficult—more difficult—most difficult。
有些特殊的形容词有自己的变化规律， 如：
good/well—better—best， bad/badly—worse—worst，
many/much—more—most， little—less—least，
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。
形容词的比较级句型应使用连词than或or，如：
The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.
上海的天气比北京的天气热.
Which subject is more important, English or math?
英语和数学, 哪个学科更重要?
形容词的最高级前应加上定冠词the，句型中应给出比较范围，如：
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
长江是中国最长的河流.
The third truck carries the most books of all.
第三辆卡车在所有的卡车中载书最多.
两个人或物比较时，如果只说明两者相同或不同，则可使用as...as...句型，否定句为not as (so)...as...句型，这里形容词仍使用原级，如：
Mr. Green is as old as Mr. Brown.
格林先生和布朗先生年龄一样大.
Mr. Green is not as (so) old as Mr. Brown.
格林先生和布朗先生的年龄不一样大.
新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解（七）
1. 现在进行时表示将来
当一个句子的意思涉及一个计划好的事件或者明确的意图时, 用现在进行时可以表示将来时间. 现在进行时的将来意义或者通过时间副词或者通过上下文来暗示出来.
现在进行时表将来时常有“意图”，“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感，它常表示最近或较近的将来。所用动词多是转移动词，如：
1) Sam has already made his plans. He is leaving at noon tomorrow.
2) A: What are you going to do this afternoon?
B: After lunch I am meeting a friend of mine.
We are going shopping.
Would you like to come along?
2. 一般将来时和be going to 表示将来
1) 当说话人在做一个预测时, (他或她认为将来会发生或出现某种情况), will 和be going to都是可以用的.
2) 表达一种事先计划或打算时( 说话人打算在将来做某事因为在过去他或她已制定了一个计划或决定去做这件事),只能用be going to.
3) 表达意愿时, 只能用will.
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