who, that引导定语从句时有什么区别？

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

一般情况下，当定语从句修饰的先行词指代人时，who和that可以互换。

例，The man who/that stole my wallet was caught by the police.

偷我钱包的那个人被警察抓住了。

不可以互换的情况↓

1.如果定语从句修饰的先行词指代物，那么通常使用 that 而不是 who。

例，The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.

我昨天买的那本书很有趣。

2.当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时，此时通常使用 that 而非 who。

例，He is the first person that I met in the office.

他是我在办公室遇到的第一个人。

3.当先行词被不定代词修饰时，如 anyone, all, none, few, many, little, much 等，在这种情况下，也倾向于使用 that。

例，There is little that I can do to help him.

我几乎无法帮助他。

Answer 2

　　Who, that引导定语从句

　　I. 在下列情况下多用或须用who

　　1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用who, 如：

　　A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.

　　The men who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer.

　　2. 先行词为those和people时多用who,如：

　　Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the
cloth.

　　People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.

　　3. 先行词为all, anyone, one, ones指人时多用who,如：

　　All who heard the news were amazed.

　　Anyone who refused to bow was thrown into prison.

　　One who doesn’t work hard will never be happy.

　　4. 在以there be开头的句子中多用who,如：

　　There is a stranger who wants to see you.

　　5. 在非限制性定语从句中须用who,如：

　　Tom, who was killed last week, was born in England.

　　6. 一个句子带有两个定语从句，其中的一个从句的关系代词是who, 另一个是that. 如：

　　The students who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very
modest and studies very hard.

　　但如先行词后接两个以上的并列的定语从句，后一个定语从句须重复前一个关系代词，以免产生误解。如:

　　There is a teacher who presents the material in the most interesting way
and who enjoys what he teaches.

　　I. 在下列情况下多用that

　　1. 若先行词前有序数词，形容词最高级，the last, same或only修饰时多用that,如：

　　The first person (that) I visited there was Mr Green.

　　He is the last man (that) I want to see.

　　He is the finest comrade (that) I have ever worked with.

　　2. 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句须用that, 以免与先行词重复。如：

　　Who that has common sense will do such a thing?

　　Which one of us that knows something about physics does not know this?

　　Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

　　3. 若先行词兼指人与物时须用that,如：

　　He talked about the teacher and schools that he had visited.

　　4. 若关系代词在从句中作表语须用that,如：

　　He is not the man that he used to be.