1. out of意思当然不是“由于(原因,动机)”,此处它是最基本的用法和含义,类似于from,可以理解为“从...中”。
2. 第一个定语从句的确算是倒装,而且倒装语法经常运用在定语从句中,这是比较典型的语法现象。
其中:out of which grows the hope
= the hope grows out of which
= the hope grows out of the world
其中,关系代词which代指先行词(即被定语从句所修饰的成分)the world.
3. 有两点需要说明:
1)定语从句的关系代词如果做定语从句中介词的宾语,则此介词和关系代词经常会提前至定语从句句首。
如:This is the city in which I worked last year.
in which I worked last year = I worked in which last year = I worked in the city last year
2)倒装句型里面的有这么一种完全倒装:如果句子主语为名词(短语),且句子谓语为不及物动词,而后跟表示地点/时间/方位等的副词/介宾短语的状语,这时为了强调这个状语,经常采用倒装语法。
如:Into the house came the man. = The man came into the house.
Here came the bus. = The bus came here.
题中的grow恰恰是不及物动词,主语the hope是名词,后面是out of which(which = the world).做状语。所以句子可以倒装成:out of which/the world grows the hope.
4. 至于怎么看出倒装句,其实只要楼主理解定语从句和倒装句型结构特点,再结合句子翻译的句意,应该不难的。
5. 至于后面的句子,分析如下:
of a society为后置定语,修饰the hope;
而where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear也是一个定语从句,修饰society.
5. 整个定语从句可以如下整理:
The hope of a society (where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear) grows out of which/the world for the first time in history.
句子主语:the hope
句子谓语:grows
地点状语:out of which/the world
时间状语:for the first time in history
而of a society修饰句子主语the hope,括号中的定语从句where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear又修饰society.
参考资料:英语牛人团