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历史
ABS was first chartered in the state of New York in 1862, to certify ship captains. It has been involved in the development and improvement of safety standards. Born out of a need for industry self-regulation, ABS published its first technical standards, Rules for Survey and Classing Wooden Vessels, in 1870. When the era of wooden ships gave way to iron, ABS established standards for these structures, published as Rules for Survey and Classing of Iron Vessels. Similarly, when iron gave way to steel, ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels were established and published in 1890. These Steel Vessel Rules continue to be revised and published annually.
ABS的首次在纽约州特许在1862年，以证明船长。它已涉及安全标准的发展和改善。出生需要行业自律，ABS公布了其第一个技术标准，为调查和分级木船，在1870年的规则。当木船时代让路铁，ABS的铁容器的调查和分档规则公布这些结构，建立标准。同样，当铁让路钢，建设和分级铁壳船ABS的规则，建立，并在1890年出版。这些钢船规则继续每年进行修订并公布。
它的优势也就在于它的服务项目
Services[edit] ClassificationThe responsibility of the classification society is to verify that merchant ships and marine structures presented to it comply with Rules that the society has established for design, construction and periodic survey. Classification itself does not judge the economic viability of a vessel. Neither is the society in a position to judge whether a vessel is ultimately employed according to the stated intended purpose for which it was classed. The classification society records, reports and recommends in accordance with what it has seen at the time of a vessel’s construction and subsequent surveys. If a vessel is found not to comply with the Rules, and the recommendations of ABS are not followed, then the society will suspend or cancel classification.
Rules are derived from principles of naval architecture, marine engineering and associated disciplines. A new Rule, or a proposed change to an existing Rule, originates with one of the ABS technical committees, from in-service experience, from a new IACS Unified Requirement or from the ongoing research conducted by the technology staff at ABS. Research projects are conducted either directly by ABS or are undertaken jointly with industry, with academic and governmental organizations or with other appropriate partners to best draw on the most qualified sources available.
When an owner first requests that a vessel or structure be classed, the shipyard or design agent presents drawings and calculations to ABS for a systematic detailed review for compliance with the Rules. ABS engineers review the plans to verify that the structural and mechanical details conform to the Rule requirements.
After a design has been approved by ABS engineers, ABS field surveyors attend the vessel at the shipyard from keel laying to delivery.The surveyors verify that the approved plans are followed and the Rules are adhered to. During the construction of a vessel built to ABS class, surveyors witness, at the place of manufacture or fabrication, the tests of materials for the hull and certain items of machinery as required by the Rules. They also survey the building, installation and testing of the structural and principal mechanical and electrical systems.
When completed, a vessel undergoes sea trials attended by an ABS field surveyor. The vessel is then presented to the ABS Classification Committee which assesses the vessel’s compliance with the Rules based on the collective experience of the Committee members and recommendations from the ABS staff. The Classification Committee is composed of ABS Members drawn from the maritime industry, United States Coast Guard and ABS officers. When accepted by the Committee, formal certification is issued to the vessel. The vessel’s classification information, characteristics and other particulars are then entered into the ABS Record – the electronic register of vessels classed by ABS maintained and updated on the ABS web site.
ABS Rules require that every classed vessel be subject to periodic surveys to determine whether it is maintained in accordance with classification standards. Surveys are based on a five-year cycle of Annual Surveys, an Intermediate Survey to be completed between the second and third years of the five-year period, and a comprehensive Special Survey including dry docking at each fifth anniversary from the time of the vessel’s delivery.
Plimsoll line of ABS[edit] CertificationABS also offers certification to specified standards. Whereas classification requires periodic surveys of the classed vessel or offshore unit throughout its life, certification verifies that the item conforms to designated standards at a specified time. Certification can establish compliance with ABS, national, international, industry or other standards.
[edit] Offshore & Energy ServicesABS also develops standards for the design, construction and operational maintenance of offshore drilling and production units and for gas carriers of all types. These standards cover mobile offshore drilling units (such as jackup rigs, semisubmersible rigs, and drill ships), floating offshore production installations (spars, tension leg platforms, semisubmersibles and FPSOs/FSOs), fixed offshore installations, pipelines, risers, and single point moorings.
[edit] Statutory ServicesABS also acts as a Recognized Organization on behalf of more than 100 governments. A Recognized Organization is authorized by a flag State to conduct plan review and statutory surveys on ships registered under that flag on behalf of the nation’s maritime administration. Typical regulations include the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), SOLAS, MARPOL regulations, and the Load Line Convention. In addition to the national or international tonnage certificates, Panama and Suez Canal tonnage certificates can be issued by ABS on behalf of those authorities.
[edit] Naval Vessel StandardsThe ABS Rules for Building and Classing Naval Vessels are developed for naval vessels. The standards address the bulk of hull, mechanical, electrical, environmental and safety related criteria for the vessels.
The Naval Vessel Rules have restricted distribution, unlike the other ABS Rules and Guides which are available for download or hardcopy purchase.
[edit] Rapid Response Damage Assessment (RRDA) ProgramDecisions made within the first few hours following a maritime casualty can determine the outcome, i.e. whether or not the vessel will remain intact and the potential environmental impact. The RRDA program provides an organized team of engineers and naval architects during emergency situations.
Since 1993, RRDA engineers have contracted HECSALV software to model more than 2,000 vessels including floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) units, tankers, bulk carriers, gas carriers, semisubmersibles and spars classed by the major classification societies. Teams have responded to more than 180 worldwide incidents ranging from tank explosions, groundings, collisions and fires to minor structural damage, flooding, trimming to replace stern seals, emergency drydockings and structural evaluation with missing structure in repair situations.
The principal role of the RRDA team is to assist the Master and owner's technical personnel. With the ability to quickly calculate the effect of damage to hull structure and free-flooding of internal spaces, we help the owner/operator minimize further stressing of the hull, loss of the vessel due to inadequate stability or spilling harmful fuel and cargo into the environment. The RRDA team can also interface with the vessel's class society and flag or port State officials to provide technical documentation to support proposed temporary repairs, operations, single voyage requests or other related requirements.
服务
ClassificationThe船级社的责任，以验证商船和海洋结构向它提出的符合社会既定规则的设计，施工和定期调查。分类本身并不判断船只的经济活力。既不是社会中的位置来判断是否最终聘用，按照既定的预期目的，它被归类船只。船级社记录，报告和建议按照什么，它已经在一艘船的建设和后续调查时看到的。如果船只被发现不遵守规则，不遵守ABS的建议，那么社会将暂停或取消分类。
来自造船，海洋工程及相关学科的原则规则。一个新规则，或建议改变现有规则，起源与服务经验，ABS技术委员会之一，从一个新的国际船级社协会统一要求，从正在进行的研究，在ABS的技术人员进行。研究项目直接进行ABS或与产业界共同承担，学术和政府机构或其他合适的合作伙伴，最好画上最合格的来源获得。
当雇主首先要求的船只或结构被归类，船厂或设计代理系统化遵守规则的详细审查图纸和计算的ABS。 ABS的工程师审查核实，符合规则要求的结构和机械的细节计划。
ABS实地调查设计已通过ABS工程师批准后，参加在从龙骨，敷设delivery.The验船师验证，批准的计划遵循的规则是坚持的造船厂的船只。在建ABS类，验船师见证，在生产或制造地方的船只建设，船体材料和机械的某些项目的测试要求的规则。他们还调查的结构和主要的机械和电气系统的建设，安装和测试。
完成时，一艘船经过试航ABS场验船师参加。的船只，然后提交给评估船只遵守规则的基础上，委员会成员和来自ABS的工作人员的建议集体经验的ABS分类委员会。分类委员会由来自航运业，美国海岸警卫队和ABS人员的ABS的成员。当委员会所接受，正式认证的船只发出。船只的分类信息，特点及其他详情，然后进入ABS的记录 - 电子寄存器级船只通过ABS ABS网站维护和更新。
ABS的规则规定，每类船只须定期调查，以确定它是否是按照分类标准保持。调查是根据按年统计调查的五年周期，1中级调查五年期的第二和第三年之间完成，1全面的特别调查，包括在每十五周年从船的时间干坞交货。
ABS [编辑普利姆索尔]行CertificationABS也提供认证规定的标准。而分类级的船只或境外单位在其整个生命周期调查，认证验证，该项目符合在指定的时间指定的标准。认证可以建立符合ABS，国家，国际，行业或其他标准。
[编辑]海洋能源ServicesABS还开发海上钻井和生产经营单位的设计，施工和运营维护标准和所有类型的气体运输船。这些标准涵盖了移动式近海钻井装置（如自升式钻井平台，半潜式钻井平台，钻井船），海上浮动生产装置（梁，张力腿平台，的semisubmersibles的FPSO / FSOs），固定式近海装置，管道，立管，单点系泊。
法定ServicesABS还充当上100多个国家的政府代表的认可组织。船旗国认可组织授权，代表国家海事管理机构根据该标志注册的船舶上进行计划，审查和法定检验。典型的法规，包括美国联邦法规法典（CFR），国际海上人命安全公约“，”防污公约“的规定，船舶载重线公约”。除了国家或国际吨位证书，巴拿马和苏伊士运河吨位证书可以由ABS发出这些机构的代表。
海军舰艇StandardsThe ABS建设和分级舰艇规则制定的海军舰艇。标准解决大部分船体，船只的机械，电气，环境和安全相关的标准。
海军舰艇规则限制分布，不像其他的ABS可下载或购买印刷版的规则和指南。
最初的几个小时内作出快速反应的损害评估（RRDA）ProgramDecisions后，海事伤亡事故的，可以决定胜负，即不论该船只将保持不变，对环境的潜在影响。 RRDA计划在紧急情况下提供了一个有组织的团队工程师和海军建筑师。
自1993年以来，RRDA工程师承包HECSALV软件模拟2000余艘，其中包括浮式生产储油和卸油（FPSO）为单位，油轮，散装船，液化气船，semisubmersibles和主要船级社级的梁。队已经回答了180多个全球范围从油箱爆炸，搁浅，碰撞和火灾轻微的结构性破坏事件，洪水，修剪，以取代失踪结构修理情况船尾密封，紧急drydockings和结构评价。
的RRDA队的主要作用是协助主及业主的技术人员。我们有能力快速计算损害船体结构和内部空间的自由泛滥的影响，帮助进一步强调的船体，船只不够稳定造成的损失或蔓延到有害的燃料和货物的所有者/经营者减少环境。 RRDA的团队还可以与接口类船只的社会和标志或港口国官员提供的技术文件，以支持所提出的临时修理，操作，单航次的请求或其他相关的要求。
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