非限定性定语从句和同位语从句的区别?

如题所述

同位语
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。

1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语。

Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
our new teacher是主词Mr. Smith的同位语,指同一人。

Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人。

2.如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开。

He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。
himself和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开。

Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。
同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开。

3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。

We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动。

同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事实),belief (信仰),news(消息),idea(主意;观念),promise(承诺),information(信息),conclusion(结论),order(命令), suggestion(建议),problem(问题),thought (想法)等后面。例如: He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意: that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句,其区别在于:同位语从句由连接词that引导,连接词that本身无意义,在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他词替代;定语从句由关系代词that引导,关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分,作宾语时可省略,由when, why, where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于: 同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用,没有指代作用; 定语从句由关系副词引导,关系副词具有指代先行词的作用,常用一个介词加关系代词替换。例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. (同位语从句, when为连接词) That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. (定语从句,which/that为关系副词) This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. (同位语从句, where为连接词) This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. (定语从句,where为关系副词)
非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散,它与主句之间有一个逗点","隔开;它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用,只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉,也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因,非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外,非限定性定语从句在中文译文里,我们往往将其作为一个分句处理,而不把它作定语翻译。 例如:Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .
(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。)
更早之前,巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图,但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。
The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .
(此句中,三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词:satellites ,computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句,那么句子可简化为:
The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .)卫星能传输信息,计算机能储存信息,电视能显示信息,把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。
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第1个回答  2020-03-01
不对,定语从句和同位语从句很好区分。
同位语和定语从句的共同点都是从句修饰的都是名词。
但是同位语从句对该名词是起补充说明作用,前后可对等。比如:He
can't
answer
the
question
how
he
got
the
money.在这个句子中,question的内容就是how
he
got
the
money,这两者是对等的。
而He
can't
answer
the
question
that
I
asked
him.在这个句子中,I
asked
him并不是question的内容,两者不对等,所以是定语从句。
第2个回答  2019-07-01
恩,其实差不多就是这样。你看如果是这句:I
know
the
fact
that
he
is
clever.其中he
is
clever就是the
fact的具体内容啦,所以可以用它去替换,可以简略成I
know
he
is
clever.
这样就是同位语咯。
第3个回答  2013-10-30
非限制性定语从句也属于定语从句的一种,虽然用逗号隔开,但毕竟还是对主语起修饰作用的.
同位语,虽然也用逗号隔开,但两部分说的是同一种事物,一个意思,关系上平等.

希望你满意!
第4个回答  2013-10-30
主要区别是:同位语从句中,从句的成份要完整(可为名词)。而非限制性定语从句中,关系代词必须在从句中作成分,关系副词其连接作用。
例如:China,my hometown,is a big country.中 "my hometown"即为同位语
That old man,who is my grandpa,is really healthy.中"who is my grandpa"既是定语从句.
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