éä¼ å¦ä¸ï¼åç¼ç®ååç¼ç®æ¯ç±ä¸å¯¹ä½äºå¸¸æè²ä½ä¸ççä½åºå æ§å¶ï¼åç¼ç®å¯¹åç¼ç®ä¸ºæ¾æ§ï¼ åç¼ç®çå代å
¨é¨æ¯åç¼ç®ï¼è纯ååºå çåç¼ç®çå代é½ä¸ºåç¼ç®ï¼æåçåç¼ç®åºå å代ä¼åºç°å离 ï¼ã
就群ä½æ¥è¯´ãå¨ä¸ä¸ªçæ³ç¾¤ä½ä¸ï¼ä¸ä¸ªæ§ç¶ä¸åå°èªç¶éæ©ï¼åæ§å¶è¯¥æ§ç¶ççä½åºå å¨ç§ç¾¤ä¸çåå¸é¢ç符åå温å®å¾å代ã
åç¼ç®æ¾æ§çä½åºå 记为Aï¼åç¼ç®éæ§çä½åºå 记为aï¼å®ä»¬çé¢çåå«è®°ä¸ºpåqãé¢ç(A) = pï¼é¢ç(a) = qï¼p + q = 1ãå¦æ群ä½å¤äºå¹³è¡¡ç¶æ
AAçé¢çf(AA) = p^2
aaçé¢çf(aa) = q^2
Aaçé¢çf(Aa) = 2pq
ä½æ¯äºå®ä¸ä¸åå¨å®ç¾çç§ç¾¤åä¸åèªç¶éæ©çæ§ç¶ãå®é
æ
åµä¸åå¨è¿éä¸å¹³è¡¡ï¼linkage disequilibriumï¼ï¼å³ä¸å¯¹çä½åºå çåå¸é¢çåå°å
¶ä»æè²ä½ä¸çä½åºå é¢ççåå¸çå½±åãä¸è¬ç¨Då¼æ¥è¯ä»·è¿éä¸å¹³è¡¡ç¨åº¦ãå
·ä½è§ï¼Linkage disequilibriumï¼å³æ¯å¦åå¨åç¼ç®åºå ä¸äººçå
¶ä»åºå åå¨è¿éä¸å¹³è¡¡ï¼é æä¸åå°åºåå¸ä¸ååï¼
å¦æå纯ä»è§£åå¦è§åº¦æ¥çï¼åç¼ç®ååç¼ç®çç»æåçäºåªäºååå¢ï¼
<img src="
https://pic3.zhimg.com/53104cc168de0f749a330f420a05ebc6_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="706" data-rawheight="392" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="706" data-original="
https://pic3.zhimg.com/53104cc168de0f749a330f420a05ebc6_r.jpg">æ¯è¾å
¸åçä¸æ¹äººåé«å 索人ä¸ç¼çç解åç»æåç°ï¼åç¼ççæææ¾çç¹å¾æ¯å¨ç¶éª¨èå¨å´çç®è¤æ²¡ææåªæå¾å°è¤¶ç±ãç¶éåæèè
±èçèåçä½ç½®å³å®äºä¸ç¼ç褶ç±çæçä½ç½®ï¼æ£æ¯å¨è¿ä¸ªä½ç½®ï¼ä»æèè
±èçæç纤维ä¸ç´åä¸ç¼ççç®è¤ä¼¸å±ï¼å¹¶éå®å¨ç®è¤ä¸ï¼å½¢æ褶ç±ï¼å½¢æåç¼ç®çææã对äºåç¼ç®ï¼é¤äºå¨ç¼ççè¾¹ç¼ï¼ç¶éåæèè
±èå¾å°åçèåãå æ¤å¤§é¨åç¼çç®è¤ç±äºæ²¡æ纤维çé»æ¡ï¼ç¼ççèèªå¯ä»¥æ¯«æ é»æ¡å°åç¼çè¾¹ç¼æ²éï¼è¿æ ·å°±é æåç¼ç®çç®è¤å¾å
æ»ï¼èä¸æ¾å¾å¾åå¾é¥±æ»¡çæ ·å(å¾çæ¥èª: Oriental Upper Blepharoplasty. Weng CJ, 2009)ãæ¯è¾å
¸åçä¸æ¹äººåé«å 索人ä¸ç¼çç解åç»æåç°ï¼åç¼ççæææ¾çç¹å¾æ¯å¨ç¶éª¨èå¨å´çç®è¤æ²¡ææåªæå¾å°è¤¶ç±ãç¶éåæèè
±èçèåçä½ç½®å³å®äºä¸ç¼ç褶ç±çæçä½ç½®ï¼æ£æ¯å¨è¿ä¸ªä½ç½®ï¼ä»æèè
±èçæç纤维ä¸ç´åä¸ç¼ççç®è¤ä¼¸å±ï¼å¹¶éå®å¨ç®è¤ä¸ï¼å½¢æ褶ç±ï¼å½¢æåç¼ç®çææã对äºåç¼ç®ï¼é¤äºå¨ç¼ççè¾¹ç¼ï¼ç¶éåæèè
±èå¾å°åçèåãå æ¤å¤§é¨åç¼çç®è¤ç±äºæ²¡æ纤维çé»æ¡ï¼ç¼ççèèªå¯ä»¥æ¯«æ é»æ¡å°åç¼çè¾¹ç¼æ²éï¼è¿æ ·å°±é æåç¼ç®çç®è¤å¾å
æ»ï¼èä¸æ¾å¾å¾åå¾é¥±æ»¡çæ ·å(å¾çæ¥èª: Oriental Upper Blepharoplasty. Weng CJ, 2009)ã
èå¤äººç±äºçæ´»å¨å¯å·çäºæ´²åé¨ï¼ä¸ç¼çæ²ç§¯çèèªä¹æå©äºä¿æ¤ç¼çã
ç¶èç±äºç¼çå¨å´çç»æå¾å¤æï¼çµä¸åèå¨å
¨èº«ãå
¶ä»é¨ä½çæ¹åä¹ä¼å½±ååç¼ç®ååç¼ç®çå½¢æãå
ç¦èµç®ï¼å
ç¦è§åæ¹èªä¸èä¸å顺åæ§æèªä¸èä¸åååæ§è¹¼ç¶ç®è¤ç±è¤¶ï¼å¨ä¸æ¹äººä¸æ®éåå¨ãç±äºå
ç¦èµç®çåå¨ï¼ä¸ç¼ççç®è¤åå°çµæçä½ç¨ï¼ä¼æ¾å¾æ´ç´§è´ãå
ç¦èµç®çåå¨ä¼ä½¿å¾åç¼ç®æ´å®¹æå½¢æã
<img src="
https://pic4.zhimg.com/dd211c93e89c213b79e34681ed4a125b_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="500" data-rawheight="119" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="500" data-original="
https://pic4.zhimg.com/dd211c93e89c213b79e34681ed4a125b_r.jpg">å æ¤ï¼æå¯è½æ§å¶å
ç¦èµç®çåºå ä¼ä¸åç¼ç®çåºå ä¹é´äº§çäºè¿éä¸å¹³è¡¡ãç»æå°±æ¯å¨åç¼ç®äººç¾¤ä¸åçå
ç¦èµç®çæ
åµæ¯åç¼ç®è¦é«ä¸äºï¼èå¨åç¼ç®äººç¾¤ä¸å
ç¦èµç®è¾å°è§ãèä¸å¦æå
ç¦èµç®ååç¼ç®åºå åæ¶åå¨ï¼å¯è½å°±å½¢æäºæ们æè°çâå
åâãå æ¤ï¼æå¯è½æ§å¶å
ç¦èµç®çåºå ä¼ä¸åç¼ç®çåºå ä¹é´äº§çäºè¿éä¸å¹³è¡¡ãç»æå°±æ¯å¨åç¼ç®äººç¾¤ä¸åçå
ç¦èµç®çæ
åµæ¯åç¼ç®è¦é«ä¸äºï¼èå¨åç¼ç®äººç¾¤ä¸å
ç¦èµç®è¾å°è§ãèä¸å¦æå
ç¦èµç®ååç¼ç®åºå åæ¶åå¨ï¼å¯è½å°±å½¢æäºæ们æè°çâå
åâã