怎么比较级和最高级?

如题所述

比较级是由形容词原级转化而来,一般是在原级后面加er,也有一些不规则的转化,最高级是由形容词或副词转化而来,形容词的最高级前面要加定冠词the,副词最高级前面的the可以省略。下面为大家带来比较级和最高级的用法,快来看看吧。
概念
1、比较级用于两个人或物之间的比较,表示“较……”或“更……”,标志词“than”,通常用于两者之间的比较。
2、最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较。
一、规则变化
1、一般直接在词尾加er;est.
tall---taller---the tallest
great---greater---the greatest
2、以字母e结尾的直接加r;st
nice---nicer---the nicest
fine---finer---the finest
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i再加er;est
busy---busier---the busiest
heavy---heavier---the heaviest
4、重读闭音节结尾的单音节词,若词尾只有一个辅音字母时,须双写这个辅音字母再加er;est
big-bigger-the biggest
hot -hotter-the hottest
5、少数以-y,-er,-ow, -ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er,和-est(以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y为i,再加-er和-est;以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st)
happy—happier—happiest
clever—cleverer—cleverest
5、多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more;most
easily--more easily--most easily
beautiful--more beautiful--the most beautiful
特殊点:
(1)有些单音节词的比较等级常用more和most,如glad,fond,shy,sly(但like只可用more和most)。
eg.I am not more glad than you.
我可没像你那样高兴。
Uncle Jack was more like a book of reference to my father.
杰克大叔对我父亲来说真是一部参考书。
(2)有些单音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可,如free,clear等。
eg.Im clearer/more clear about it than before.
对这事,我比以前更清楚了。
(3)有些双音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可,在当代英语中似有多用more和most的趋势,如:secure,cruel,pretty,lively等。
eg.She looks prettier/more pretty with long hair than with short hair.
她留长发比留短发漂亮。
The patient seems a little livelier/more lively this morning.
这位病人今天早上精神似乎好些了。
(4)分词形容词的比较等级一律用more和most。
eg.I felt more tired this morning.
今天上午我感觉比较疲倦。
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
滑雪比滑冰更激动人心。
The report is most alarming.
这个报告最为扰乱人心。
(5)形容词前可加less和least,表示“较不”和“最不”。
eg.Short sight is less common among the young students in this country.
近视在这个国家的青少年学生中较为少见。
The flaw in this stamp makes it less valuable.
这张邮票因为有点瑕疵,不那么值钱。
Shes no less active than she used to be.
她和以往一样活跃。
He has less strength than I have.
他的力气比我小。
It is less cold than it was yesterday.
天气没有昨天那样冷。
二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;
(1)单音节词
如:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
(2)双音节词
如:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;
如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;
如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
注意:(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用。
例句: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
(2) 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"。
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。
如:good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1.“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。
如:This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。
注意:
① 在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较。
②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”。
如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级。
2.“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”
如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了。
It is getting cooler and cooler.
天气越来越凉爽。
The wind became more and more heavily.
风变得越来越大。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的学校变得越来越美丽。
3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式。
如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?
4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”。
The more money you make, the more you spend.
钱你赚得越多,花得越多。
The sooner,the better.
越快越好。
5. 表示倍数的比较级用法:
①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.
如:The new building is three times the height of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)
②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.
如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.
我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思。
句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如:of the three, in our class等等。
如:He is the tallest in our class.
他在我们班里是最高的。
7."否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
8. 比较级与最高级的转换:
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class
7.修饰比较级和最高级的词
1)可修饰比较级的词
①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。
②. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
③. 以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
注意: 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2)下列词可修饰最高级:by far, far, much, mostly, almost。
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意:
a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.
8.要避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is cleverer than his brother.
9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
10.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
11.要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词。
比较:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
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第1个回答  2023-10-16
1.大多数单音节形容词的比较。是在其原级后面加上-er:
small----smaller new----newer
2. 单音节形容词只有一个元音字母,其末尾为一辅音字母,这个辅音字母要双写:
big----bigger thin----thinner
3.单音节形容词以-e结尾,如 nice。这些形容词只需在原级形式后加-r:
large----larger nice----nicer
4.有些形容词以-y结尾,而在-y前是一个辅音字母。这些形容词一般有两个音节。变比较级时,-y要变成-i,末尾再加-er:
easy----easier
heavy----heavier
5. 但有少数形容词的比较级是不规则的,必须熟记,如:
good----better bad----worse
6. 大多数较长的形容词(即有两个以上音节的词)可与more连用构成其比较级形式。
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