请教大家几个英语语法问题，请多多指教，谢谢！

Question

请教大家几个英语语法问题，请多多指教，谢谢！
第一，I take it you are just visiting someone.
这句中take it 后为什么可以直接接一个完整的句子？
第二，can not you figure that out based on my date of birth.
这句中为什么直接用base? 这样句中岂不是有两个动词了吗？
第三，这两句英语都对吗
You are two centimetres dilated.
You are dilated two centimetres.
能说说他们各自的语法结构吗？
第四，i do not think the next patient is very far along.
这句中的far 和along 各是什么词性？
。

Answer 1

①I take it (that) you are just visiting someone.
句中take it意思是认为、猜想，后面加that从句，that可以省略。

②Can not you figure that out based on my date of birth？
句子中的based是过去分词而不是动词的过去式，过去分词可以充当状语修饰句子。
例如，Located at the foot of the mountain, the village attracts many tourists every year.
The book based on ramance story has a great many readers.

③正确的句子为
You are two centimetres dilated.
You are dilated by two centimetres.
第一句的句子结构相当于 I am 12 years old. 结构为数字+名词（单位或者时间）+形容词。
而像第二句一样，dilated如果放到前面，必须加数字前加介词by表示程度。例如：He is older than me by 2 years. （他比我大两岁）

④I do not think the next patient is very far along.
far和along在此处都是副词。意思是“我认为下一个病人的（病情）没有很严重”。
再比如，How far along have you gotton? 你进展得怎么样了？
far along表示程度，需要根据具体语境来翻译。