关于定语从句

Question

我想说，一只猪以前认为他懂得美，译成A pig thought he knew what is beauty还是had known?

Answer 1

GRAMMAR
定语从句（一）
在英语中，修饰名词或代词的成分被称为定语，根据定语出现在名词或代词前后的位置可以将其分为前置定语和后置定语。如在a developing country和a girl in red中，developing和in red分别是前置定语和后置定语。一般而言，前置定语经常由单个词充当，而后置定语则由短语或句子充当，当一个句子充当定语修饰前面的名词或代词时，就被称为定语从句。
【观察与翻译】观察下列例句划线部分的语法成分及组成规律，并试着翻译句子。
1. The boy who is reading a book over there is myfriend.
译为：_____________________________
2. All that glitters is not gold.
译为：_____________________________
上述两个例句中划线部分均为定语从句，分别修饰前面的名词the boy和代词all，这两个词被称为先行词。同学们也许注意到了这两个定语从句中的who和that，这两个词究竟为什么出现在这里，在这里起什么作用，有什么规律可循吗？下面我们就具体来看看定语从句的结构特点。
定语从句中有两个关键概念：先行词和关系词（关系代词或关系副词）。在上面两个例句中引导定语从句的who和that属于关系代词，本单元我们先来学习关系代词引导的定语从句。
一、关系代词的句法功能及指代功能
关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职：连接主从句的纽带、指代先行词和在从句中充当某种句子成分。现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下：

指代功能

在从句

中的作用

指代人

指代物

指代人或物

主语

who

which

that

宾语

whom / who

which

that

定语

whose (=of whom)

whose (=of which)

【观察与分析】观察下列例句，指出其中的先行词和关系代词，并分析关系代词在定语从句中的作用。
1. The professor who gave us a speech yesterday isfrom the USA.
先行词为_____，关系代词为_____，在从句中作_____。
2. The book which my teacher lent me is very useful.
先行词为 _____，关系代词为_____，在从句中作_____。
3. I’m interested in all that you have told me.
先行词为_____，关系代词为_____，在从句中作_____。
4. You will find the nearest market whose door facessouth.
先行词为_____，关系代词为_____，在从句中作_____。
5. The author whom you criticized in your review haswritten a reply.
先行词为_____，关系代词为_____，在从句中作_____。
二、注意事项
1. 先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词通常可省略。如：The dish (that) my father cooks isalways delicious.
2. 当先行词是all, everything,something, nothing等（复合）不定代词或先行词被first, last, only, few, much等词以及形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词一般多用that，不用which。如：
The first thing that I do when I wake up every morningis to drink some water.
There is always something that we are not satisfiedwith in our life.
3. 当先行词由人和物共同充当时，关系代词只能用that。如：
We talked about the people and things that we rememberedin middle school.
4. whose在定语从句中既可以指人，也可以指物，用作名词的限定语，可以用“the + n. + of whom / ofwhich”结构代替。如：
My brother, whose house (the house of whom) we justpassed, is a doctor.
There are still many people whose living conditions(the living conditions of whom) are terrible.
【即学即练】
I.根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。
1. This is the best film _____________ (我看过的).
2. He has a daughter _____________ (在医院工作的).
3. The tree _____________ (叶子变红了的) is an old one.
II. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Is there anything _____ I can do for you?
A. which B.who C. whom D. that
2. I have seen some strange trees, _____ open atsunrise and close at sunset.
A. which the leaves B.whose leaves
C. which leaves D. their leaves
3. All _____ we need is enough rest after long hours’work.
A. the thing B. that C.what D. which
4. On the train I saw a girl _____ I thought was yoursister.
A. who B.whom C. which D. what
5. Have you seen the film “Titanic” _____ leadingactor is world-famous?
A. its B. that C. whose D. which

参考答案:
【观察与翻译】
1. 在那边读书的那个男孩是我的朋友。
2. 发光的不一定都是金子。
【观察与分析】
1. professor；who；主语
2. book；which；宾语
3. all；that；宾语
4. market；whose；定语
5. author；whom；宾语
【即学即练】
I. 1. (that) I have ever seen
2. who / that works in a hospital
3. whose leaves turn red / the leaves of which turnred
II. 1-5 DBBAC

Answer 2

There was a pig that thought it knew what beauty is.
what is beauty-什么是美
had known beauty-以前知道美

Answer 3

什么是定语从句？