桥梁破坏Bridge Damages

如题所述

推荐答案 2020-01-15

桥梁作为公路工程上的关键节点，—旦损坏，修复时间长，工程量大，对灾区救援产生极大的阻碍作用。据交通运输部提供的数据显示，截至2008年6月6日，汶川地震已造成四川、甘肃、陕西、重庆、云南、湖北等省市4840座桥梁破坏，98座隧道受损。

从部分强震区桥梁的破坏形态上看，桥梁的地震破坏，多数由于岸坡滑动，桥头下沉，墩台向河心移位，桥孔缩短，墩台折断。有的由于桥墩地基沉陷，使桥墩移位或倾斜；或桥墩的变化导致支座歪斜、倾倒和落梁。

5.12汶川地震地质灾害

Bridges are control nodes in highway networks.Once a bridge is damaged，it needs long time to repair and heaw construction equipments.Consequently，many bridge damages in the disaster areas seriously delayed rescue work.Data released by the Communication Ministry of China indicated that till June6，2008，the Wenchuan Earthquake had caused a total of4840 damaged bridges and98 affected tunnels in Sichuan，Gansu，Shanxi，Chongqing，Yunnan and Hubei provinces.

The damage modes of some bridges in epicenter zones show that a majority of the quaking bridge dam-ages were due to embankment landslides，bridge end subsidence，pier displacements toward rivers，shortening of bridge spans and pier breakages.Some were caused by bridge pier foundation subsidence.which resulted in displacement or declination of abutments.0thers were due to pier deformation which resulted in the inclination and collapse of supporting bases and falling of bridge decks.

5.12汶川地震地质灾害

此次汶川地震中，桥梁主要是因两方面原因受损，—是由地基失效引起的破坏，二是桥梁结构强烈震动引起的破坏。此外，还有桥梁被山体垮塌掩埋而破坏。

In Wenchuan Earthquake，bridge were damaged mainly due to two causes.One is the bridge damages due to foundation failure.The other is the bridge damages due to destructive vibrations of bridge structures.In addition，bridges were destroyed and buried by landslide debris.

北；川县湔江大桥整体垮塌Falling down of main Qianjian9 bridge decks

北川县陈家坝镇坍塌的桥梁Bridge collapse in Chenjiaba town in Beichuan

■桥梁基础、承台与墩身严重变形■Bridge embankment，bearing platform and piers were seriously deformed

受地震力水平的破坏，桥梁基础整体横移，或承台和墩身变形严重，导致钢筋保护层脱落，钢筋笼暴露等。Due to the loading of quaking horizontal force，the bridge foundations were displaced horizontally，or，the platforms and piers were seriously deformed，which resulted in the stripping of pro-tection concrete and exposure of reinforcement.

5.12汶川地震地质灾害

桥梁挡块被挤裂Crushed shear keys of bridge decks

桥台后坡跨塌Collapse of slope behind bridge abutment

平武南坝镇坍塌的桥面及其临时通行便道The damaged bridge and a temporary trafic pavement in Nanba town，Pingwu city.JPG

这是桥梁受到水平地震力的作用导致的落粱Falling of bridge decks due to horizontal seismic force

■梁板大桥破坏严重

■Girder bridges were mostly damaged

灾区桥梁的桥墩多为柔性墩，采用桩基础，基本抵御了地震力作用。但非桩柱式桥台和路基护坡多发生破坏，导致落梁、桥梁横向变位。

Bridges in the disaster areas commonly adopted flex-ible piers and pile foundations，which could resist the seis-mic forces.However，bridges Without pile foundation and embankment protection were easily damaged，which re-suited in the falling and horizontal dislocation of bridge decks.

■拱桥破坏较轻

■Arch bridges were relatively less damaged

在此次地震中，单孔大跨径钢筋混凝土拱桥表现良好，无重大损害，两跨或多跨拱桥破坏较轻。

In Wenchuan Earthquake，arch reinforced concrete bridges with large span and one single hole performed well and had no major damaged.The arch bridges with two spans or three spans had relatively lower damaged.