英语中的被动语句表达形式是什么?

如题所述

be+动词过去完成时
have/has been+动词过去完成时
will/would+动词过去完成时
请看以下详细介绍:
英语的时态(tense)j是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。

下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述,其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。

一、        一般现在时:

1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,

3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加(e)S)

4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

6.例句:. It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others.

Action speaks louder than words.

二、        一般过去时:

1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词

4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。

6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.

I didn't know you were so busy.

三、        现在进行时:

1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.

3.基本结构:am/is/are+doing

4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

6.例句: How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.

四、        过去进行时:

1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构:was/were+doing

4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。

6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.

五、        现在完成时:

1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

3.基本结构:have/has + done

4.否定形式:have/has + not +d one.

5.一般疑问句:have或has。

6.例句:I've written an article.

It has been raining these days.

六、        过去完成时:

1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语:before, by  the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

3.基本结构:had + done.

4.否定形式:had + not + done.

5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。

6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books

七、        一般将来时:

1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本结构:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.

4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。

6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.

八、        过去将来时:

1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本结构:was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.

4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。

6.例句:He said  he would  go to Beijing  the next day.

I asked  who   was  going  there .

几种常见时态的相互转换

英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:

一、        一般过去时与现在完成时的转换

在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:

A.        He joined the League two years ago.

B.        He has been in the League for two years.

C.        It is two years since he joined the League.

D.        Two years has passed since he joined the League.

二、        一般现在时与现在进行时的转换

在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:

Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.

Peter is working, but Mike is playing.

三、        现在进行时与一般将来时的转换

在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:

The train is leaving soon.

The train will leave soon.

四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换

“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall。在口语中,所有人称都可以用will。请看:

We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.  
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.

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第1个回答  2018-01-11
英语中的被动语句表达形式
英语有的词和汉语有这种关系,看起来是被动,表示主动意义,或看起来是主动,表示被动意义。比如be addicted to 好像是被动,但意思并不是被动的。
在英语表达中,有时用主动式表达主动含义,即本句主语就是该句谓语动词的施动者,例如They won the game yesterday.当句子的主语为动作的受动者是,我们常用被动式来表达句子的含义,例如He was praised by his teacher.然而在英文表达中常常使用一些特殊主动句式和结构来表达被动含义,例如“杰克是个臭名昭著的罪犯,罪该处决。”“杰克该处决”是被动意义,但可以主动式翻译,即Jack is a notorious criminal so he deserves a death penalty.那么,怎样处理这种情况呢?大致可以分为以下几种情况:

一.在主语 + be + 形容词 + to do的句式中,如果形容词表明主语的性质和内在特征,一般可以用不定式主动语态表达被动含义,如:This question is easy to answer.

尽管“问题”是被回答,但本句中的形容词“easy”表明了主语“question”的性质,所以可以用“to answer”主动表被动含义。

二.在主语 + be +宾语 + to do的结构中,如果不定式与宾语之间有动宾关系,也可以用主动式表达被动含义。

例如:These are some questions to think about.

本句中正是由于“think about”与“questions”之间具备动宾关系,我们要用主动“to think about”来表达被思考的含义。

三.在have ( want need ...) + something + to do 的结构中,如果用作定语的不定式和它前面的修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,有和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,这时不定式可以用主动形式表达被动含义,例如:

I have some food to eat.

句中的to eat 既与some food 构成动宾关系,又和句子主语构成主谓关系,我们可以用主动表被动,否则在表示被动含义时,仍需用不定式的被动语态。注意区分以下两个句子的不同含义:

例:① Do you have some clothes to wash?

你是需要去洗衣服吗?

② Do you have some clothes to be washed?

你有一些衣服让我帮忙洗吗?

在例句中,尽管wash 和clothes 构成动宾关系,但不与主语you 构成主谓关系,“你”并不是亲自洗,所以布丁式仍然应该用被动式。

四.在“there be + 主语 + 不定式”的结构中,当不定式与主语之间在逻辑上有动宾关系时,不定式可以用主动式也可以用被动式,只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语重点在人,用被动式作定语重点在物,但在口语中多用主动式表被动的含义。

例如:There is a lot of work to be finished.

有很多工作要(我们)完成

There is a lot of work to be finished

有很多工作要做(不清楚谁完成)

在这里要注意区分something ( anything ,nothing ) to do 和something ( anything ,nothing ) to be done 之间的不同意义。

There is nothing to do , I am bored.

无事可做,我感到闷得慌。

There is nothing to be done. We’ll have to buy another one

没办法,我们只得另买一个。

五.在一些特殊的句式中,只能使用主动式表达被动含义,

例如: The film is well worth seeing.

本句中尽管“电影”是被“看”的,但由于be worth doing 结构本

身就表达了被做的被动含义,所以不存在be worth being done

的被动用法。

再如 with + n + to do 的with 复合结构中,with some work to

do, he had to stay up.“工作”与“做”之间具备逻辑上的被动关系。但是我们只能选择主动式to do 来表达被做的被动含义。

六.在英语的使用中,有一些词有不同的含义,不同的含义与词性使这些词有不同的用法,例如:taste( feel, smell...)表达品尝某物是及物动词有被动式,但表达尝起来怎样就只能用主动形式,试比较下面例句:

The cake was tasted by them at the party yesterday.

The cake tastes good.

类似的词汇用法还有prove 等,试比较:

The theory has been proved by the scientist.

The theory proved to be right.

七.有些动词如果表主语固有性质,可使用主动式,但表被动含义,例如:

He persuades easily.( persuade = be persuaded )

The film ranks with the best. ( rank = be listed 被列为 )

英语中类似这样的动词用法很多,如 read, look, suffer, wash, clean, sell, cut, blow等,以及一些短语动词,come out ( = to be published ),go through ( = to be sold out ), go up ( = to be brought up ), come up ( = to be put forward )等,但是这些动词如果表示一次具体的被动行为仍用被动式.

He was persuaded easily yesterday.

The film was ranked with the best in the film Festival.

八.在英语使用中,有一些词汇和短语由于受本身不及物性限制只能使用主动形式,例如:happen, take place, come about, break out等,例:

Great changes have taken place in the city.

The war broke out in 1864.

九.副词除了可以表示动词的意义外,还有被动含义,这些副词多源于介词.

The meeting is off. ( off = cancelled )

The film will be on tonight. ( on = continue )
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