This review addresses trends in the development of high performance polyurethane (PU) and its subclass coatings.
Changes in the understanding the technical requirements and properties, along with novel approaches in creating high
performance PU films are discussed. Some discussion of developments leading to the current status is provided, along with
opportunities for the development of architectural, domestic and automotive coatings from carbamate chemistry. The
review also focuses on the chemistry of PU, the importance of side products such as biuret, allophanate formation, as well
as different low VOC PU coatings such as moisture-cured PU-urea, polyurea, PU-imide, UV cure and waterborne PU
coatings. A brief description of functionalized dendritic/hyperbranched polymers, different monomers and synthetic
approaches, and their use in the PU coating sector is addressed. In the context of nanostructuring, sol–gel chemistry to
formulate ceramer coatings and use of functionalized nanomaterials in PU coatings is described. This portion also includes
silica grafting and functionalization of nanosilica particles, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and the use of bridged
polysilsesquioxanes in PU coatings. A wide variety of fillers, whiskers and fibers as well as clay and wollastonites with
structural modification is described for use in nanocomposite PU coatings, with special emphasis on the latest development
in PU-layered silicate nanocomposites.The use of different reactive-type organophosphorus compounds, aziridinyl curing
agents in aqueous PU dispersions, phosphazenes, organo-boranes such as different carboranes for use in the formulation
of flame retardant coatings is described. Since surface properties determine the resistivity of coatings towards corrosive
chemicals, moisture and dirt repellency, a portion of the review will also be devoted towards modification of surface
properties using fluoropolymer, and the synthesis and a brief description of the available fluorinated diols is given.
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