第1个回答 2014-03-30
Has never been a disease such as AIDS, to our wisdom, courage, ethics and the meaning of life, proposed such serious challenges. For thousands of years, we rely on the folk tales, fables, dreams and religious beliefs to try to get rid of the fear of death, and hope to have some kind of transcendence of human cognition than the mysterious power to save the last of the suffering and to cover up the truth. In recent decades, we have invented a new method of death, namely the Hospital. Here, the die-level pain can be isolated from the corruption of nature to be clean, and then a solemn funeral to package, so that eventually turned into a kind of death a solemn ceremony and commercial categories. Hospitals cut off from the living and the dead links. It will die from our daily lives separate. The progress of medicine really be able to veto the laws of nature, and make what we can do about death see them?
Death created the human equality, but AIDS puts to break this balance. There was a lot of people think that AIDS is a moral cleansing of heresy: it ruthlessly with those who punish homosexuals, drug addicts and sexual misconduct points, the crowd, but in fact, we can not survive - their suffering will eventually in different ways passed on to our shoulders.
In 1980, a new kind of strange diseases, gay men in Los Angeles crowd been identified. The disease symptoms include fever, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea and thrush. In the same year, New York and San Francisco's medical staff noted that these homosexuals are spreading in a rare tumor - Kaposi's sarcoma. Prior to this, medicine has never encountered such a life, it is sufficient to destroy the works solely on the human body against the invaders of immune system cells. For the 1970s, doctors in general, they believe that relying on the help of drugs, humans have overcome the destruction of bacterial and viral diseases, but this time, microorganisms are the unexpected winners.
The end of 1981, doctors who will be named this new disease, gay-related immune deficiency (GRID). But less than a year, in the non-gay populations are also found in the disease. In 1982, the disease has been officially named as the AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Is generally believed that the French scientist in 1983 Montagny took the lead from the blood serum of patients with isolated first strains of HIV virus.
However, the early discovery of HIV and effective treatment in guiding the slow progress. On the HIV virus that causes AIDS is not the issue, many scholars have different views. This debate was not until 2000 when the 13th session of the World AIDS Conference ended. Has the world's more than 5,000 scientists have signed a joint "Durban Declaration" reiterates, HIV virus that causes AIDS has been a foregone conclusion.
The emergence of AIDS has caused panic among people, but also attracted the attention of the medical profession. In 1988, an immunologist in the article in the United States to express their right as human beings to deal with AIDS series of achievements of surprise: "I have never seen any progress of the study is sufficient and specializes in HIV research obtained by the progress of the comparable. If we consider the AIDS virus found in only 7 years, but it is also the most complex on earth, the most troublesome biological terms is surprising that these achievements. "
In 1987, Glaxo, William pioneered zidovudine (AZT), and was the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval to become the first application of the established classes. However, it was soon discovered that a single application of a drug, although the viral replication has been a certain degree of inhibition, but almost 100% of the medication in the treatment of 12 weeks after viral rebound. Although the doctors to cure from a single-to double-associated application, but then produced in the patients resistance have made it all the researchers puzzled.
Those hopes were dashed quickly in the air. Why is this so? Scientists in 1995 and 1996 studies confirmed, HIV-1 (one of two types of HIV) there are at least 10 different genetic subtypes, and may be transmitted is different. These studies refute the views of people at first: in those over 10 years still no symptoms of HIV carriers in the body, HIV virus, and there is no silence and shock, but the rate of 109 per day produced a new type of virus. The HIV virus, the immune system a long time to monitor the production, until a final defeat of the latter variation of the immune system, "special forces."
This new discovery coincides with a new generation of established classes - was able to inhibit HIV protease inhibitors, the reasons for increase in the number-phase support. In 1994, the protease inhibitors after 4 to 5 years of research into the clinical phase and to allow the number of viruses in HIV infection quickly and continued to decline.
Three kinds of established classes of the combined treatment was later named as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART, commonly known as "cocktail" therapy). Chinese scientist David Ho as the founder of this therapy, which appeared in the "Time" magazine Person of the Year 1996, the world.
However, doctors are still unable to openly face of these growing number of AIDS patients. Established classes Although it can temporarily prevent the emergence of HIV viral replication, but can not completely defeat it. In vaccine development, human equally little success.
Those lucky enough to live in high-level AIDS wards, and their avatars are still growing weight loss, fever, and endure all kinds of complications, drug side effects of pain. They are hollow with open eyes, without laughter.
Everyone eager to be able to die with dignity, but that is not the case. The operating room is a door that closed the door, or in the dark night ward separated from the eyes of others, and nothing more. Dedicated young doctors will always observe the patient's pupil and no response to light until they become a fixed large dark ring. All the medical staff reluctantly stopped working, the whole process from the pressing, the heroic first aid, quickly become frustrated, sad failure.
"The room filled with remnants of defeat, in the devastated site of the Central lay a body, for a moment before the doctor who desperately wants to save lives, it has lost its appeal." Yale University, many years of clinical experience with a doctor Sherwin Nuland, in his book "Death's face," he wrote.
As a doctor, Nuland's suffering is: "Whether they are destined for death in the face of a number of strong willpower, its ruthless death process, each time they are nothing but frustrating."
For people today, found that their incompetence is a very painful thing, but we can not forget that Albert Einstein come to study his life with emotion: "We are objective reality of all scientific research carried out by both the original and the naive, but this is exactly what we possess the most valuable thing. "