第1个回答 2022-06-09
英语形容词分类
形容词是英语词汇中较大的开放性词类.掌握其分类,对提高学习兴趣,正确地
驾驭语言具有重要意义.
Ⅰ?就其词形结构而言,形容词可分为单字形容词和复合形容词.单字形容词有
不带词缀的如big, small, good, hard,有带前缀或后缀的如:
dislogal,impossible,unkind;beautiful,voiceless,bloody;unthinkab
le,monolingual等.复合形容词的构成是多种多样的,如:
形容词+形容词:bitter-sweet,deaf-mute;
形容词/副词+ing分词:good-looking,easy-going;
形容词/副词+ed分词:newly-built,well-meant;
名词+形容词:grassgreen dutyfree;
名词+ing分词:law-abiding,mouth-watering;
名词+ed分词:hand-made,sun-burnt;
形容词+名词+ed:king-hearted,absent-minded;
Ⅱ?就其句法功能而言,形容词可分为中心形容词(Central Adjective)和外
围形容词(Peripheral Adjective).例如:
Green apples are sour./Pillar-boxs are green/They have painted
the windows green.(这三个句子中“Green”分别充当修饰语,主补和宾补,为
中心形容词,而在This is utter nonsense中,utter只能做修饰语,不能做
主补,即不能说※The nonsense in utter;在This child is asleep中,asleep
只能做主补,不能做修饰语,即不能说※This is an asleep child.
Ⅲ?就其词汇意义而言,形容词可分为静态形容词(Stative Adj.如tall,big
short,small,shallow,deep,ugly,beautiful等)和动态形容词(Dynamic
Adj.,如witty,patient,generous等)两者有以下区别意义:
1?动态形容词可与系动词be的进行体搭配作补语,而静态形容词不可.如可以
说She is being witty;而不可以说※She is being beautiful.
2?动态形容词可用于以动词be开首的祈使句,而静态形容词不可.如可以说,
Be patient!Be careful!不可以说※Be tall!※Be small!
3?动态形容词可用于使役结构,而静态形容词不可.如可以说I persuaded her
to be generous,但不可以说※I persuaded her to be beautiful.
形容词和副词的分类和构成
一形容词的分类
1 性质形容词
外观: long, strong, big, fat, old
性质: good, clean, new, fresh, soft
颜色: red, black, green
情绪: happy, sad, sorry, nervous
性格: kind, cruel, honest, foolish
状况: careful, blind, deaf, cheap
评论: great, true, necessary, difficult
2 关系形容词
地域: Chinese, American, Asian, Pacific
质料: wooden, golden, plastic
科技: electric, chemical, atomic, medical
意识: communist, social, political
行业: industrial, agricultural, economic
二形容词的构成
1由后缀构成的形容词
-ern: northen, southen
-ish: foolish, British
-ious: serious, curious, obvious
-ive: active, expensive, native
-al: national, natural, political
-an: American, Australian
-ant: pleasant,constant
-ary:ordinary
-ful:careful, beautiful
-less:careless, wireless
-ly: friendly,lonely,likely,lovely,daily,lively
-some:handsome,troublesome,tiresome
-ous:famous,dangerous,nervous
-y:healthy,noisy,windy,rainy,dirty,funny sunny
2 复合形容词的构成
副词词干+分词: hard-working well-known
分词词干+过去分词: man-made snow-covered
名词词干+现在分词: energy-saving
名词词干+形容词词干: world-famous snow-white
数词词干+名词词干: five-star
数词词干+名词 ed: three-legged
数词词干+名词+形容词: five-year-old
形容词词干+过去分词: ready-made
形容词词干+名词 ed:kind-hearted
形容词词干+现在分词: funny-looking
形容词词干+形容词词干: red-hot
三表示不定数量的常用表达与名词的搭配关系
修饰可数名词: