英语介词+which定语从句 难理解?

1.I remember the days during which I lived there.
2.I remember the day on which I graduated from university.
3.Here is the money with which to buy the piano.
这三句话为什么which前面一定要有介词呢?可以直接在day或money后加上which吗都是对这些先行词的修饰,是不是这些介词本来是句子后面的把它提前了?可以告知下还原后是啥样的吗

第1个回答  2021-12-09
第一句:
I remember the days during which I lived there.
句中先行词是the days,which 代表的是the days 。将先行词带入到定语从句中,I lived there during the days.在那些日子我住在那里。
during which 相当于关系副词when I remember the days when I lived there.
原句中的during 不能放句尾,也不能省略。
第二句:
I remember the day on which I
graduated from university.
先行词the day,which 代表the day,将先行词带入定语从句中,I graduated from university on the day
我在那天大学毕业。
on which 相当于when 。
第二句中which 不能省略,也不能放句尾。
前两句共同点,介词during 和on与which 关系紧密,和从句中的谓语动词lived及graduated没大关系,这种情况下,介词不能后置。
比较:
This is the city in which he lives.
This is the city( which/that )he
lives in.
This is the city where he lives.
这是他居住的城市。
live in 居住
像live in这样的短语动词,在定语从句中,介词可提前,但指物时只能用which 。指人只能用whom。
第三句:
Here is the money with which to
buy the piano.
with which to buy the piano 是含不定式的特殊结构作定语修饰
money ,这种结构中介词不能省略,也不能放句尾。

小结:
1.先行词是表示地点的名词,其含义在定语从句中起地点状语的作用,则用where 。
2.先行词若是表示时间的名词,其含义在定语从句中起时间状语的作用,则用when 。
对比:
I can’t forget the days
( that/which ) we spent together.
我不能忘记我们在一起度过的日子。
此句中关系代词的含义“日子”在定语从句中作宾语。
I can’t forget the days when we
lived together.
先行词the days 在定语从句中含义是“在那些日子”,所以用when 。
希望能帮到!追问

谢谢明白了,请问下 This is the city in which he lives. This is the city( which/that )he lives in. 介词提前和不提前意义和目的上有什么区别呢?强调的目的不一样还是都差一样呀?括号里是可省略可不省略的意思吧

追答

你好!意思都一样。括号里面的表示可省略的内容。

追问

谢谢

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第2个回答  2021-12-09
回答如下:
大家知道,关系代词在定语从句中可以作宾语。英语宾语有两种:动词宾语和介词宾语。例如:
I know the secret(动词宾语).
He works in the factory(介词宾语).
They are talking about the problem ( 介词宾语).
如果关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词还可以放在关系代词之前,但要注意不要用关系代词that, who。另外,“介词+ 关系代词”相当于关系副词when / where, "for +which" 相当于why。例如:
1. That is the house (which / that) I once lived in.
= That is the house in which I once lived.
= That is the house where I once lived.
2. I will never forget the day (which / that ) I joined the Party on. (特指某一天要用介词on)
= I will never forget the day on which I joined the Party.
= I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.
3. That is the reason for which he came late.

= That is the reason (why / that ) he came late. (注:先行词reason后跟定语从句时,可以用关系副词why / that, 并且它们还可以省略。)
至于你说的第三个句子,其中的“ 介词+关系代词 + 不定式”相当于“ 不定式+介词”,用来作定语。例如:

4. I have no house in which to live.
= I have no house to live in.

5. He has a knife with which to cut apples.
= He has a knife to cut apples with.
6. There are many questions about which to talk.
= There are many questions to talk about.
7. She has a friend with whom to communicate.
= She has a friend to communicate with.追问

谢谢很清楚,意思是which这样的关系代词所引导的句子都作了整句话的介宾短语的宾语?
想请教下 He works in the factory。句子是主谓状吗?
They are talking about the problem。 句子是主谓宾吗?
括号里的是可以省略的意思吗 可以直接省略关系代词这样写吗?That is the house I once lived in.

第3个回答  2021-12-09
前两个句中,介词+which=when,在定语从句中做状语。没有介词,关系代词不可以单独做状语。
第三句可以这样看
buy the piano with the money. 若没有介词with就说不通。
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第4个回答  2021-11-28

定语从句是各地中考英语的必考内容之一,结合近几年的中考英语试题,给同学们总结了定语从句的考点并进行了全面的解析,在这里分享给大家,方便同学们考前的再复习。

首先大家要清楚,什么是定语从句?就是指在复合句中,修饰某一个名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。同学们还要知道定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等。关系副词包括where, when, why等。

接下来说一说,定语从句考查的重点:

1、考查关系代词与关系副词的用法。

选择关系代词还是关系副词的关键,取决于关系词在句中所充当的成分,如果关系词在从句中做主语,宾语,表语、定语时,只能用关系代词,如果关系词在从句中作状语,就用关系副词。看下面的例题解析:


考点归纳:英语从句中常见的关系代词,它们的用法分别是:

1)who用来指人,也就是说,它的先行词必须是人,在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。要注意的是who的前面不能有介词,如果带介词,就必须用宾格whom形式。大家看下面的例句:



2)whose是代词的所有格,它既可以指代人,也可以指代物,让它指代物的时候,相当于of which 例如,


3)在限制性定语从句中,which, that可以通用,但有的时候只能用which,不用that看下面分析:



2、考查只能用that引导的定语从句,有下面几种情况:


3、考查which在非限定性从句中的用法。大家要先知道什么是非限定性定语从句,它是先行词的一个附加修饰语,是对先行词的补充说明,删掉它不影响整个句子的意思。那么限定性定语从句呢?它是用于修饰和限定先行词,与先行词之间的关系非常密切,如果去掉,剩下的那部分意思就含糊不清了。看下面的具体分析:



接下来我们,具体看一下,限定性从句和非限定性从句的区别,列表解释如下:


4、综合考查引导宾语从句的连词和引导定语从句的代词用法,例如:


5、考查简单句转化为含有定语从句的复合句,例句解析:


6、考查含有定语从句的复合句转化为简单句。


7、考查定语从句中动词的时态。

这类时态题在近几年各地中考试题中经常出现,在定语从句中考查动词的时态,是大家很难准确判断动词的时态。在解答这类题的时候,同学们一定要领会语境,然后再根据主句和从句中动词的先后顺序来确定动词的时态。看下面例题:


总之,定语从句知识点非常多,同学们在复习的时候,要牢固掌握这些基本考点,并进行适当的练习,中考一定会考得好成绩。

专注于初高中英语和语文学习,每日发布原创文章,这是我们今年撰写的第205篇原创文章,点击关注即可查看收藏。

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第5个回答  2021-11-28
无论在托福阅读文章的过程中,或是在SAT文法做题时,很多同学都会对”in which…, at which…”这类定语从句的分析和理解提出问题。今天我们就通过几个从托福和SAT文法原文中提取的句子,快速帮助同学们熟悉这类定语从句。
1.1 为什么需要了解定语从句(Adjective Clause)
定语从句是学习英语时最重要的语法点之一,定语从句的掌握影响大多数托福长难句的正确分析和理解,影响托福写作中句式的复杂性和多样性,同时也影响后续SAT文法学习中最常考的一类题目——句子结构和标点的正确率。
以SAT文法文章中的句子为例,当表达较为简单的意思时,如一些人倾向于买有机食品,这里我们只需要用一个形容词修饰食品就可以了,句子可以写成:
Some people buy organic food.
但是当我们想表达更复杂的信息时,如另外一些人则倾向于食用传统的由杀虫剂和化肥生产出的食品,显然一个形容词已经不能满足句子的表达需求了,这个时候我们就需要用到定语从句,即用一句话来修饰名词,
Others are prone to conventionally grown food, which are usually produced with pesticides and synthetic fertilizers.
通过例句,我们可以看到,此处的定语从句修饰conventionally grown food, 且修饰的这个名词词组在定语从句中充当主语成分,这使得定语从句形成了一个有着完整主谓结构的句子。
划重点:定语从句的作用是用一个有完整主谓结构的句子修饰名词,以此实现更加复杂的信息表达。
1.2为什么定语从句关系词which前需要加介词(in, on, of, at, from, by, with, for…)
前文说过,定语从句是一个有完整主谓结构的句子,修饰的名词要在定语从句中充当一定成分。而我们最熟悉的定语从句形式,是定语从句修饰的名词,在从句中充当主语。如:
Emerging diseases are also the result of human activity in the modern world, which brings more people into contact with more diseases.
例句中的定语从句修饰human activity, human activity在定语从句中作主语,代入定语从句中,从句可以完整地写为human activity brings more people into contact with more diseases.
但是,我们再来看看介词+which这类定语从句的结构:
Studies have shown that employees are happier, healthier, and more productive when they work in an environmentin which temperatures are carefully controlled.
例句中,定语从句修饰的是名词environment,但是我们却无法把environment这个名词直接代入从句中,因为即使没有environment,定语从句也已经是一个主谓完整的句子了:temperatures are carefully controlled。
所以我们可以这样理解介词+which这类定语从句:
当定语从句内部已经是一个主谓宾完整的句子时,定从修饰的名词无法直接代入从句中充当成分,所以通过加入一个介词,使修饰的名词能够以合理正确的语法形式代入定语从句中。
因此,例句中environment前加入in之后,我们把定语从句的语序稍作调整,可以完整的写成temperatures are carefully controlled in the environment.
我们再来练习分析几个托福和SAT中的句子:
1) Each furnished room consists of three walls; the fourth wall is a glass panethrough which museumgoers observe.
- the fourth wall is a glass pane.
museumgoers observe through the glass pane.
2) Besides beginning the age, Superman in many respects defined it, becoming the modelon which many later superheroes were based.
- Superman becomes the model.
many later superheroes were based on the model.
3) Newspaper readers also felt themselves part of the public life about which they were reading.
- Newspaper readers also felt themselves part of the public life.
they were reading aboutthe public life.
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