英语高手进

Question

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
This指代什么？those又指代什么？refers to 是什么意思？ against 是什么意思？

Answer 1

This指“But one insidious from continues to thrive: alphabetism."

those指those (people who haven't) as yet unaware of such a disadvantage.

refer to意思是指的是

against是介词，这里的意思是in opposition to sb.(sth.)

Answer 2

this指的是alphabetism, those指的是those people省略了people，后面的定语unaware of such a disadvantage修饰those,表示“对于正如那些还没有意识到这种不利条件的人们”，refer to意思是“指的是”；against后面接人，表示对象，discrimination against歧视（那些人）。
整个一句话，实际上是个，给alphabetism下定义的句子.翻译为：这，（alphabetism）对于那些还没有意识到这种不利条件的人们而言，指的是对于那些以26个英语字母表后半部分字母开头为姓氏的人们的歧视。本回答被提问者采纳